THE EVALUATION OF USING OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN G-7 COUNTRIES: ACCORDING TO EDUCATION LEVEL

Year 2005, , 217 - 228, 10.06.2005

Meriç S. Ertekin

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.680821

Abstract

The role of human capital is important as a soıırce of economic growth in the present economic environmeııt. There is widespread acceptance that better education and trained workers increase productivity and economic growth rate. in this process, there is a huge struggle to improve the education and training systems and to improve human skills. They usually raise income for everyone. Therefore, people invest in human capital. This paper represents a new view of the use of human Capital in G-7 countries with data of the level of population on education, employment, unemployment rates and earnings. The focus is a view on the labour market to compare the unemployment rate and ravages according to the educational level of G-7 countries. In the conclusion of this paper, it is seen that there is unemployment in these countries, and the rate of unemployment is low and the wages are high for high-skilled and highly educated workers.

Keywords

Human Capital, Education, Economic Grorvtlı, G-7 Countries

References

• [1] Becker, G.S. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. 3rd Ed. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
• [2] Jones, F. Human Capital and Use of Time. Statistics Canada, 79, (http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11F0019MIE/1 lF0019MIE1995079.pdf). [21.01.2003],
• [3] Hornbeck, D.W. & Salamon, L.M. (1991). Human Capital and America’s Future: An Economic Strategy for the’90s. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
• [4] Mincer, J. (1989). Human Capital Responses To Technological Change in the Labour Market. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, 3207. (htto.y/netec.mcc. ac.uk/HoPEc/geminiabout.html). [21.012003].
• [5] OECD. (2001). The Well-Being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. (http://www.oecd.org/pdf /M00021000/M00021936.pdf). [30.01.2003],
• [6] Kiker, B.F. (1966). The Historical Roots of Concept of Human Capital. Journal of Political Economy, 74, 481 -499.
• [7] Kiker, B.F. (1966). The Historical Roots of Concept of Human Capital. (Ed. Kiker, B.F.). (1971). Investment in Human Capital. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press.
• [8] Schultz, T.W. (1971). Investment in Human Capital: The Role of Education and Research. New York: The Free Press.
• [9] Farr, W. (1853). Equitable Taxation of Property. Royal Statis. Soc., XVI, March, 1-45.
• [10] Dublin, L. & Lotka, A. (1930). The Money Value of Man. New York: Ronald Press Co.
• [11] OECD. (1998). Human Capital Investment: An International Comparison. Paris: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation.
• [12] Healy, T. (1998). Counting Human Capital. The OECD Observer, 212, June/July. (http://www.oecd.org/ publications/observer/212/Article8eng.htmB. [21.01.2003].
• [13] Hartog, J. (1999). Behind the Veil of Human Capital. Columbia International Affairs Online. The OECD Observer, 215, January. (http://www.ciaonet.org/ pbeifrm.html). [21.01.2003].
• [14] IMF. (1993). IVorld Economic Outlook. May.
• [15] IMF. (1997). IVorld Economic Outlook. October.
• [16] IMF. (2001). IVorld Economic Outlook. October.
• [17] IMF. (2002). IVorld Economic Outlook. September.
• [18] Becker, G.S. Human Capital. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. (http://www.econlib.org/librarv/Enc/HumanCapital.html). [24.01.2003].
• [19] Ok, W. & Tergeist, P. (2002). Supporting Economic Growth Through continuous Education and Training - Some Preliminary Results. Meeting of National Economic Research Organisations, OECD Headquarters. Paris, 1S1 July. (http://oecd.org/doc/M00031000/M00Q31739.doc). [30.01.2003] .
• [20] Barro, R.J. (2003). Education and Economic Growth. (http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00008000/M000Q8442.pdf). [30.01.2003] ,
• [21] OECD, (2002), Employment Outlook 2002 Statistical Annex., Vol. I 2002, no. 76 6. (http://iris.sourceoecd.org/ vl=3289868/cl=92/nw=l/rpsv/~6672/v2002n6/s9/p316). [30.01.2003] .
• [22] Melody, W.H. (2002). The Triumph and Tragedy of Human Capital: Foundation Resource for Building Network Knowledge Economies. (http://link.wits.ca.za/ papers/wm20020918.pdf). [21.01.2003].
• [23] OECD. (2001). Trends in International Migration: Continuous Reporting System on Migration. Annual Report. (http://www.oecd.org). [20.03.2003].
• [24] Heckman, J.J. (2000). Policies to Foster Human Capital. The Harris School working Paper Series, Supplement 14. (http://www.ounceofprevention.org/publications/pdf/Foster ing Human Capital.pdf). [30.01.2003],
• [25] Hoquet, L. (1998). Vocational training as a Force of Equality? Training Opportunities and Outcomes in France and Britain. Document de travail Laboratoire de Macroeconomic Appliquee.
• [26] Acemoglu, D. & Pischke, J.S. (1998). Why Do Firms Train? Theory and Evidence. NBRE Working Paper Series, 5605. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113,79-119.
• [27] Pischke, J.S. (2000). Continuous Training in Germany. CEPR Discussion Paper Series, 2428.
• [28] Blundell, R.; Dearden, L. & Meghir, C. (1999). Work-related Training and Earning. DFEE mimeo.
• [29] Booth, A.; Zoega, G. & Francesconi, M. (1999). Training, rent -sharing and Unions. CEPR Discussion Paper Series, 2200.
• [30] Cosh, A.; Hughes, A. & Weeks, M. (2000). The Relationship between Training and Employment Growth in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. DFEE Research Report, RR245.
• [31] Dearden, L.; Reed, H. & Van Reenen, J. (2000). Who Gain When Workers Train? The Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Papers, WP00/04.
• [32] Green, F.; Ashton, D. & Felstead, A. (2001). Estimating the Determinants of Supply of Computing, Problem-solving, Communication, Social, and Teamworking Skills. Oxford Economic Papers, 3, 406-433.
• [33] Black, S. & Lynch, L. (1996). Human Capital Investment and productivity. American Economic Review, 86(2), 263- 267.
• [34] Blöndal, S.; Field, S. & Girouard, N. (2002). Investment in Human Capital Through Upper Secondary And Tertiary Education. OECD Economic Studies, 34, (http://www.oecd.org/Ddf/M00039000/M00Q39266pdf). [03.03.2003],
• [35] OECD, (2002). Education at a Glance 2002- Tables. September 03, 2003. (http:www.oecd.Org/dataoecd/8/41/ 1962701.xls). [30.01.2003).