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THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF ADVERTISING SPENDING ON BRAND EQUITY AND PURCHASE INTENTION: A STUDY ON YOUNG CONSUMERS

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 63, 148 - 170, 27.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1545889

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationships between advertising spending, factors affecting brand equity, brand equity and purchase intention variables. The research has been conducted on young consumers aged between 18-29 living in Ankara and data has been collected from 263 people. The study has concluded that advertising spending has an impact on brand awareness, brand associations and brand loyalty. In addition, it has been revealed that all the factors affecting brand equity in the research model affect brand equity and brand awareness and brand loyalty influence purchase intention. It has been determined that brand associations do not have a significant impact on purchase intention, perceived quality does not significantly affect purchase intention, and advertising spending do not have a meaningful effect on perceived quality.

References

  • Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name, The Free Press, New York, NY.
  • Ali, F., & Muqadas, S. (2015). The impact of brand equity on brand loyalty: The mediating role of customer satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 9(3), 890-915.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16, 74-94.
  • Boulding, W., Lee, E., & Staelin, R. (1994). Mastering the mix: Do advertising, promotion, and sales force activities lead to differentiation?. Journal of marketing research, 31(2), 159-172.
  • Bravo Gil, R., Fraj Andrés, E., & Martinez Salinas, E. (2007). Family as a source of consumer‐based brand equity. Journal of product & brand management, 16(3), 188-199.
  • Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., & Schäfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?. Management research review, 35(9), 770-790.
  • Buil, I., De Chernatony, L., & Martínez, E. (2013). Examining the role of advertising and sales promotions in brand equity creation. Journal of business research, 66(1), 115-122.
  • Chen, H. L. (2007). Gray marketing and its impacts on brand equity. Journal of product & brand management, 16(4), 247-256.
  • Chu, S., & Keh, H. T. (2006). Brand value creation: Analysis of the Interbrand-Business Week brand value rankings. Marketing Letters, 17, 323-331.
  • Dawar, N., & Parker, P. (1994). Marketing universals: Consumers’ use of brand name, price, physical appearance, and retailer reputation as signals of product quality. Journal of marketing, 58(2), 81-95.
  • Delgado‐Ballester, E., Navarro, A., & Sicilia, M. (2012). Revitalising brands through communication messages: the role of brand familiarity. European Journal of Marketing, 46(1/2), 31-51.
  • Deloitte, (2022). Türkiye’de Tahmini Medya ve Reklam Yatırımları 2022 Raporu. http://rd.org.tr/Assets/uploads/7587437b-563d-4917-b767-676021317bb1.pdf
  • Ding, C. G., & Tseng, T. H. (2015). On the relationships among brand experience, hedonic emotions, and brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 49(7/8), 994-1015.
  • Emari, H., Jafari, A., & Mogaddam, M. (2012). The mediatory impact of brand loyalty and brand image on brand equity. African Journal of Business Management, 6(17), 5692-5701.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Godey, B., Manthiou, A., Pederzoli, D., Rokka, J., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., & Singh, R. (2016). Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior. Journal of business research, 69(12), 5833-5841.
  • Hackley, R. A., & Hackley, C. (2017). Advertising and promotion. Advertising and Promotion, 1-384.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis (7ed.), Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Primer on partial least square structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM)(2nd Ed.). Sage: Thousand Oaks.
  • Jacob, S. M., & Issac, B. (2008). The mobile devices and its mobile learning usage analysis. Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, 1, 19-21.
  • Jahanzeb, S., Fatima, T., & Mohsin Butt, M. (2013). How service quality influences brand equity: The dual mediating role of perceived value and corporate credibility. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(2), 126-141.
  • Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., & Mahdavinia, S. H. (2011). The effect of brand equity components on purchase intention. International business and management, 2(2), 149-158.
  • Jamal, A., & Anastasiadou, K. (2009). Investigating the effects of service quality dimensions and expertise on loyalty. European Journal of marketing, 43(3/4), 398-420.
  • Jani, D., & Han, H. (2014). Personality, satisfaction, image, ambience, and loyalty: Testing their relationships in the hotel industry. International journal of hospitality management, 37, 11-20.
  • Jeon, J. E. (2017). The impact of brand concept on brand equity. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 233-245.
  • Kakati, R. P., & Choudhury, S. (2013). Measuring customer-based brand equity through brand building blocks for durables. IUP Journal of Brand Management, 10(2), 24-41.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 1-22.
  • Keller, K. L. & Lehmann, D. R. (2003) How do brands create value?, Marketing Management, 12(3), 26–31.
  • Keller, K. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (2006). Brands and branding: Research findings and future priorities. Marketing science, 25(6), 740-759.
  • Khan, N., Rahmani, S. H. R., Hoe, H. Y., & Chen, T. B. (2015). Causal relationships among dimensions of consumer-based brand equity and purchase intention: Fashion industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(1), 172.
  • Kirmani, A., & Wright, P. (1989). Money talks: Perceived advertising expense and expected product quality. Journal of consumer research, 16(3), 344-353.
  • Kline. R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Third Edition. London: The Guilford Press.
  • Kumar, S., & Patra, S. (2017). Does promotion mix really help to enhance brand equity: A literature review. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 8(2), 80-86.
  • Lassar, W., Mittal, B., & Sharma, A. (1995). Measuring customer‐based brand equity. Journal of consumer marketing, 12(4), 11-19.
  • Matzler, K., Hinterhuber, H. H., Daxer, C., & Huber, M. (2005). The relationship between customer satisfaction and shareholder value. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 16(5), 671-680.
  • Mohd Yasin, N., Nasser Noor, M., & Mohamad, O. (2007). Does image of country‐of‐origin matter to brand equity?. Journal of Product & brand management, 16(1), 38-48.
  • Moradi, H., & Zarei, A. (2011). The impact of brand equity on purchase intention and brand preference-the moderating effects of country of origin image. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(3), 539-545.
  • Moreira, A. C., Fortes, N., & Santiago, R. (2017). Influence of sensory stimuli on brand experience, brand equity and purchase intention. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(1), 68-83.
  • Pappu, R., Quester, P. G., & Cooksey, R. W. (2005). Consumer‐based brand equity: improving the measurement–empirical evidence. Journal of product & brand management, 14(3), 143-154.
  • Pouromid, B., & Iranzadeh, S. (2012). The evaluation of the factors affects on the brand equity of Pars Khazar household appliances based on the vision of female consumer. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(8), 1050-1055.
  • Ramaseshan, B., & Tsao, H. Y. (2007). Moderating effects of the brand concept on the relationship between brand personality and perceived quality. Journal of Brand Management, 14, 458-466.
  • Rust, R.T., Zeithaml, V.A., & Lemon, K.N. (2000). Driving customer equity: How customer lifetime value is reshaping corporate strategy. New York: The Free Press.
  • Saeed, M. N. R. M. K., & Aslam, A. (2015). Consumer’s brand purchase intention in emerging markets like Pakistan. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Purchase, 15, 113-120.
  • Sasmita, J., & Suki, N. M. (2015). Young consumers’ insights on brand equity: Effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image. International journal of retail & distribution management, 43(3), 276-292.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Shabbir, M. Q., Khan, A. A., & Khan, S. R. (2017). Brand loyalty brand image and brand equity: the mediating role of brand awareness. International journal of innovation and applied studies, 19(2), 416.
  • Spry, A., Pappu, R., & Bettina Cornwell, T. (2011). Celebrity endorsement, brand credibility and brand equity. European journal of marketing, 45(6), 882-909.
  • Statcounter, (2024a). Mobile vendor market share worldwide. https://gs.statcounter.com/vendor-market-share/mobile/worldwide/
  • Statcounter, (2024b). Mobile vendor market share Turkey. https://gs.statcounter.com/vendor-market-share/mobile/turkey
  • Statista, (2023a). Advertising spending worldwide from 2000 to 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1174981/advertising-expenditure-worldwide/
  • Statista, (2023b). Advertising spending in Turkey in 2022, by media type. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1304212/turkey-advertising-spending-by-media-type
  • Statista, (2024). Advertising spending worldwide from 2022 to 2026, by region. https://www.statista.com/statistics/273644/global-ad-spending-trend-by-region/
  • Su, J., & Tong, X. (2015). Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(2), 124-133.
  • TUIK, (2023). Dönemsel Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla, IV. Çeyrek: Ekim - Aralık, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Donemsel-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-IV.-Ceyrek:-Ekim---Aralik,-2022-49664
  • Villarejo-Ramos, A. F., & Sanchez-Franco, M. J. (2005). The impact of marketing communication and price promotion on brand equity. Journal of Brand Management, 12, 431-444.
  • Wilcox, J. B., Laverie, D. A., Kolyesnikova, N., Duhan, D. F., & Dodd, T. H. (2008). Facets of brand equity and brand survival: a longitudinal examination. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 20(3), 202-214.
  • Wood, L. (2000). Brands and brand equity: Definition and management. Management Decision, 38(9), 662–669.
  • Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1–14.
  • Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lee, S. (2000). An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 28, 195-211.
  • Zeithaml, V.A. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.

TÜKETİCİLERİN REKLAM HARCAMASI ALGILARININ MARKA DEĞERİ VE SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: GENÇ TÜKETİCİLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2025, Volume: 20 Issue: 63, 148 - 170, 27.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1545889

Abstract

Bu araştırmada algılanan reklam harcamaları, marka değeri boyutlarını etkileyen faktörler, marka değeri ve satın alma niyeti değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, Ankara’da yaşayan yaşları 18-29 arasında olan genç tüketiciler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplamda 263 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda algılanan reklam harcamalarının marka farkındalığı, marka çağrışımları ve marka sadakati üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırma modelinde yer alan bütün marka değerini etkileyen faktörlerin marka değerini etkilediği ve marka farkındalığı ile marka sadakatinin satın alma niyetini etkilediği ortaya konmuştur. Marka çağrışımlarının satın alma niyeti üzerinde, algılanan kalitenin satın alma niyeti üzerinde ve algılanan reklam harcamalarının algılanan kalite üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name, The Free Press, New York, NY.
  • Ali, F., & Muqadas, S. (2015). The impact of brand equity on brand loyalty: The mediating role of customer satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 9(3), 890-915.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16, 74-94.
  • Boulding, W., Lee, E., & Staelin, R. (1994). Mastering the mix: Do advertising, promotion, and sales force activities lead to differentiation?. Journal of marketing research, 31(2), 159-172.
  • Bravo Gil, R., Fraj Andrés, E., & Martinez Salinas, E. (2007). Family as a source of consumer‐based brand equity. Journal of product & brand management, 16(3), 188-199.
  • Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., & Schäfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?. Management research review, 35(9), 770-790.
  • Buil, I., De Chernatony, L., & Martínez, E. (2013). Examining the role of advertising and sales promotions in brand equity creation. Journal of business research, 66(1), 115-122.
  • Chen, H. L. (2007). Gray marketing and its impacts on brand equity. Journal of product & brand management, 16(4), 247-256.
  • Chu, S., & Keh, H. T. (2006). Brand value creation: Analysis of the Interbrand-Business Week brand value rankings. Marketing Letters, 17, 323-331.
  • Dawar, N., & Parker, P. (1994). Marketing universals: Consumers’ use of brand name, price, physical appearance, and retailer reputation as signals of product quality. Journal of marketing, 58(2), 81-95.
  • Delgado‐Ballester, E., Navarro, A., & Sicilia, M. (2012). Revitalising brands through communication messages: the role of brand familiarity. European Journal of Marketing, 46(1/2), 31-51.
  • Deloitte, (2022). Türkiye’de Tahmini Medya ve Reklam Yatırımları 2022 Raporu. http://rd.org.tr/Assets/uploads/7587437b-563d-4917-b767-676021317bb1.pdf
  • Ding, C. G., & Tseng, T. H. (2015). On the relationships among brand experience, hedonic emotions, and brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 49(7/8), 994-1015.
  • Emari, H., Jafari, A., & Mogaddam, M. (2012). The mediatory impact of brand loyalty and brand image on brand equity. African Journal of Business Management, 6(17), 5692-5701.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Godey, B., Manthiou, A., Pederzoli, D., Rokka, J., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., & Singh, R. (2016). Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior. Journal of business research, 69(12), 5833-5841.
  • Hackley, R. A., & Hackley, C. (2017). Advertising and promotion. Advertising and Promotion, 1-384.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis (7ed.), Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Primer on partial least square structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM)(2nd Ed.). Sage: Thousand Oaks.
  • Jacob, S. M., & Issac, B. (2008). The mobile devices and its mobile learning usage analysis. Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, 1, 19-21.
  • Jahanzeb, S., Fatima, T., & Mohsin Butt, M. (2013). How service quality influences brand equity: The dual mediating role of perceived value and corporate credibility. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31(2), 126-141.
  • Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N., & Mahdavinia, S. H. (2011). The effect of brand equity components on purchase intention. International business and management, 2(2), 149-158.
  • Jamal, A., & Anastasiadou, K. (2009). Investigating the effects of service quality dimensions and expertise on loyalty. European Journal of marketing, 43(3/4), 398-420.
  • Jani, D., & Han, H. (2014). Personality, satisfaction, image, ambience, and loyalty: Testing their relationships in the hotel industry. International journal of hospitality management, 37, 11-20.
  • Jeon, J. E. (2017). The impact of brand concept on brand equity. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 233-245.
  • Kakati, R. P., & Choudhury, S. (2013). Measuring customer-based brand equity through brand building blocks for durables. IUP Journal of Brand Management, 10(2), 24-41.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 1-22.
  • Keller, K. L. & Lehmann, D. R. (2003) How do brands create value?, Marketing Management, 12(3), 26–31.
  • Keller, K. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (2006). Brands and branding: Research findings and future priorities. Marketing science, 25(6), 740-759.
  • Khan, N., Rahmani, S. H. R., Hoe, H. Y., & Chen, T. B. (2015). Causal relationships among dimensions of consumer-based brand equity and purchase intention: Fashion industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(1), 172.
  • Kirmani, A., & Wright, P. (1989). Money talks: Perceived advertising expense and expected product quality. Journal of consumer research, 16(3), 344-353.
  • Kline. R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Third Edition. London: The Guilford Press.
  • Kumar, S., & Patra, S. (2017). Does promotion mix really help to enhance brand equity: A literature review. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 8(2), 80-86.
  • Lassar, W., Mittal, B., & Sharma, A. (1995). Measuring customer‐based brand equity. Journal of consumer marketing, 12(4), 11-19.
  • Matzler, K., Hinterhuber, H. H., Daxer, C., & Huber, M. (2005). The relationship between customer satisfaction and shareholder value. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 16(5), 671-680.
  • Mohd Yasin, N., Nasser Noor, M., & Mohamad, O. (2007). Does image of country‐of‐origin matter to brand equity?. Journal of Product & brand management, 16(1), 38-48.
  • Moradi, H., & Zarei, A. (2011). The impact of brand equity on purchase intention and brand preference-the moderating effects of country of origin image. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(3), 539-545.
  • Moreira, A. C., Fortes, N., & Santiago, R. (2017). Influence of sensory stimuli on brand experience, brand equity and purchase intention. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(1), 68-83.
  • Pappu, R., Quester, P. G., & Cooksey, R. W. (2005). Consumer‐based brand equity: improving the measurement–empirical evidence. Journal of product & brand management, 14(3), 143-154.
  • Pouromid, B., & Iranzadeh, S. (2012). The evaluation of the factors affects on the brand equity of Pars Khazar household appliances based on the vision of female consumer. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(8), 1050-1055.
  • Ramaseshan, B., & Tsao, H. Y. (2007). Moderating effects of the brand concept on the relationship between brand personality and perceived quality. Journal of Brand Management, 14, 458-466.
  • Rust, R.T., Zeithaml, V.A., & Lemon, K.N. (2000). Driving customer equity: How customer lifetime value is reshaping corporate strategy. New York: The Free Press.
  • Saeed, M. N. R. M. K., & Aslam, A. (2015). Consumer’s brand purchase intention in emerging markets like Pakistan. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Purchase, 15, 113-120.
  • Sasmita, J., & Suki, N. M. (2015). Young consumers’ insights on brand equity: Effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image. International journal of retail & distribution management, 43(3), 276-292.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Shabbir, M. Q., Khan, A. A., & Khan, S. R. (2017). Brand loyalty brand image and brand equity: the mediating role of brand awareness. International journal of innovation and applied studies, 19(2), 416.
  • Spry, A., Pappu, R., & Bettina Cornwell, T. (2011). Celebrity endorsement, brand credibility and brand equity. European journal of marketing, 45(6), 882-909.
  • Statcounter, (2024a). Mobile vendor market share worldwide. https://gs.statcounter.com/vendor-market-share/mobile/worldwide/
  • Statcounter, (2024b). Mobile vendor market share Turkey. https://gs.statcounter.com/vendor-market-share/mobile/turkey
  • Statista, (2023a). Advertising spending worldwide from 2000 to 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1174981/advertising-expenditure-worldwide/
  • Statista, (2023b). Advertising spending in Turkey in 2022, by media type. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1304212/turkey-advertising-spending-by-media-type
  • Statista, (2024). Advertising spending worldwide from 2022 to 2026, by region. https://www.statista.com/statistics/273644/global-ad-spending-trend-by-region/
  • Su, J., & Tong, X. (2015). Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(2), 124-133.
  • TUIK, (2023). Dönemsel Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasıla, IV. Çeyrek: Ekim - Aralık, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Donemsel-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-IV.-Ceyrek:-Ekim---Aralik,-2022-49664
  • Villarejo-Ramos, A. F., & Sanchez-Franco, M. J. (2005). The impact of marketing communication and price promotion on brand equity. Journal of Brand Management, 12, 431-444.
  • Wilcox, J. B., Laverie, D. A., Kolyesnikova, N., Duhan, D. F., & Dodd, T. H. (2008). Facets of brand equity and brand survival: a longitudinal examination. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 20(3), 202-214.
  • Wood, L. (2000). Brands and brand equity: Definition and management. Management Decision, 38(9), 662–669.
  • Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1–14.
  • Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lee, S. (2000). An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 28, 195-211.
  • Zeithaml, V.A. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Consumer Behaviour
Journal Section Makale Başvuru
Authors

Görkem Erdoğan 0000-0002-2417-2718

Early Pub Date January 27, 2025
Publication Date January 27, 2025
Submission Date September 9, 2024
Acceptance Date January 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 20 Issue: 63

Cite

APA Erdoğan, G. (2025). TÜKETİCİLERİN REKLAM HARCAMASI ALGILARININ MARKA DEĞERİ VE SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: GENÇ TÜKETİCİLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Öneri Dergisi, 20(63), 148-170. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1545889

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Öneri

Marmara UniversityInstitute of Social Sciences

Göztepe Kampüsü Enstitüler Binası Kat:5 34722  Kadıköy/İstanbul

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