Research Article

Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed

Volume: 6 Number: 1 April 30, 2025
TR EN

Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed

Abstract

In this study, 2 mm thick Al6016 aluminum sheets containing 25% recycled material, commonly used in automotive body and chassis components, were joined using the friction stir welding (FSW) method in a butt joint configuration. Welding was performed on a mold milling machine using a conical tool made of 2379 grade steel, hardened to 62–64 HRC. Constant process parameters included a welding speed of 400 mm/min, tool plunge depth of 1.8 mm, shoulder diameter of 15 mm, and tool tilt angle of 90°. Tool rotation speeds were varied as 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, and 3600 rpm. Heat input was calculated for each condition. Mechanical performance of the joints was evaluated through tensile, bending, and hardness tests. Macro and microstructural examinations were also conducted, including fracture surface analysis. The highest tensile strength (214 MPa) was obtained at 1800 rpm, while the lowest (83 MPa) occurred at 600 rpm. In bending tests, no fractures were observed at 2400 and 3000 rpm, indicating good ductility and joint integrity. The highest hardness in the weld zone was 97.4 Hv, measured at 600 rpm. Macrostructural observations showed full penetration at all rotation speeds. Microstructural analysis revealed progressive grain refinement from the base metal toward the stir zone, confirming effective plastic deformation and recrystallization. The results demonstrate that tool rotation speed significantly affects joint quality. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved at intermediate speeds, particularly 1800 rpm, highlighting its potential for automotive applications involving recycled Al6016 sheets.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Akpres Metal Yedek Parça Mak. San. Ve Tic. A.Ş.,

Thanks

Desteklerinden dolayı Ak-Pres Otomotiv A.Ş.'ye teşekkürler.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Resource Technologies

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

April 30, 2025

Publication Date

April 30, 2025

Submission Date

September 19, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 1, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 6 Number: 1

APA
Kirdemir, H., Yakupoğlu, C., Varol, F., & Apay, S. (2025). Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1553191
AMA
1.Kirdemir H, Yakupoğlu C, Varol F, Apay S. Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. MATECA. 2025;6(1):1-12. doi:10.52795/mateca.1553191
Chicago
Kirdemir, Halil, Cihan Yakupoğlu, Faruk Varol, and Serkan Apay. 2025. “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 6 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1553191.
EndNote
Kirdemir H, Yakupoğlu C, Varol F, Apay S (April 1, 2025) Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 6 1 1–12.
IEEE
[1]H. Kirdemir, C. Yakupoğlu, F. Varol, and S. Apay, “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”, MATECA, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.52795/mateca.1553191.
ISNAD
Kirdemir, Halil - Yakupoğlu, Cihan - Varol, Faruk - Apay, Serkan. “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 6/1 (April 1, 2025): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1553191.
JAMA
1.Kirdemir H, Yakupoğlu C, Varol F, Apay S. Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. MATECA. 2025;6:1–12.
MLA
Kirdemir, Halil, et al. “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications, vol. 6, no. 1, Apr. 2025, pp. 1-12, doi:10.52795/mateca.1553191.
Vancouver
1.Halil Kirdemir, Cihan Yakupoğlu, Faruk Varol, Serkan Apay. Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. MATECA. 2025 Apr. 1;6(1):1-12. doi:10.52795/mateca.1553191