Araştırma Makalesi

Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed

Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 30 Nisan 2025
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Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed

Öz

In this study, 2 mm thick Al6016 aluminum sheets containing 25% recycled material, commonly used in automotive body and chassis components, were joined using the friction stir welding (FSW) method in a butt joint configuration. Welding was performed on a mold milling machine using a conical tool made of 2379 grade steel, hardened to 62–64 HRC. Constant process parameters included a welding speed of 400 mm/min, tool plunge depth of 1.8 mm, shoulder diameter of 15 mm, and tool tilt angle of 90°. Tool rotation speeds were varied as 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, and 3600 rpm. Heat input was calculated for each condition. Mechanical performance of the joints was evaluated through tensile, bending, and hardness tests. Macro and microstructural examinations were also conducted, including fracture surface analysis. The highest tensile strength (214 MPa) was obtained at 1800 rpm, while the lowest (83 MPa) occurred at 600 rpm. In bending tests, no fractures were observed at 2400 and 3000 rpm, indicating good ductility and joint integrity. The highest hardness in the weld zone was 97.4 Hv, measured at 600 rpm. Macrostructural observations showed full penetration at all rotation speeds. Microstructural analysis revealed progressive grain refinement from the base metal toward the stir zone, confirming effective plastic deformation and recrystallization. The results demonstrate that tool rotation speed significantly affects joint quality. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved at intermediate speeds, particularly 1800 rpm, highlighting its potential for automotive applications involving recycled Al6016 sheets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Akpres Metal Yedek Parça Mak. San. Ve Tic. A.Ş.,

Teşekkür

Desteklerinden dolayı Ak-Pres Otomotiv A.Ş.'ye teşekkürler.

Kaynakça

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  2. A.W. El-Morsy, M. Ghanem, H. Bahaitham, Effect of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2024-T4 Aluminum Alloy, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 8 (2018) 2493-2498, https://doi: 10.48084/etasr.1704.
  3. S.S. Yılmaz, B.S. Ünlü, M. Uzkut, D. Ertürk, Alüminyum alaşımlarında sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ve uygulamaları, Mühendis ve Makina, 57 (2016) 676.
  4. C. Meran, M. Colak, Tool holder design for friction stir welding, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23 (2008) 671-679.
  5. B. Çevik, Y. Ozcatalbas, I. Uygur, 7075 Alüminyum alaşımının sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ile birleştirilmesi, International Conference on Welding Technologies and Exhibition, May 2012, 396-376.
  6. I. Charit R.S. Mishra, Low temperature superplasticity in a friction-stir-processed ultrafine grained Al–Zn–Mg–Sc alloy, Acta Materialia, 53(15) (2005) 4211-4223.
  7. J. Gronostajski, H. Marciniak, A. Matuszak, New methods of aluminium and aluminium-alloy chips recycling, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 106(1) (2000) 34-39.
  8. Y. Li, L.E. Murr, J.C. McClure, Flow visualization and residual microstructures associated with the friction-stir welding of 2024 aluminum to 6061 aluminum, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 271 (1999) 213-223.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kaynak Teknolojileri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

30 Nisan 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Nisan 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

19 Eylül 2024

Kabul Tarihi

1 Aralık 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kirdemir, H., Yakupoğlu, C., Varol, F., & Apay, S. (2025). Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1553191
AMA
1.Kirdemir H, Yakupoğlu C, Varol F, Apay S. Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. MATECA. 2025;6(1):1-12. doi:10.52795/mateca.1553191
Chicago
Kirdemir, Halil, Cihan Yakupoğlu, Faruk Varol, ve Serkan Apay. 2025. “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 6 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1553191.
EndNote
Kirdemir H, Yakupoğlu C, Varol F, Apay S (01 Nisan 2025) Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 6 1 1–12.
IEEE
[1]H. Kirdemir, C. Yakupoğlu, F. Varol, ve S. Apay, “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”, MATECA, c. 6, sy 1, ss. 1–12, Nis. 2025, doi: 10.52795/mateca.1553191.
ISNAD
Kirdemir, Halil - Yakupoğlu, Cihan - Varol, Faruk - Apay, Serkan. “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 6/1 (01 Nisan 2025): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52795/mateca.1553191.
JAMA
1.Kirdemir H, Yakupoğlu C, Varol F, Apay S. Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. MATECA. 2025;6:1–12.
MLA
Kirdemir, Halil, vd. “Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed”. Manufacturing Technologies and Applications, c. 6, sy 1, Nisan 2025, ss. 1-12, doi:10.52795/mateca.1553191.
Vancouver
1.Halil Kirdemir, Cihan Yakupoğlu, Faruk Varol, Serkan Apay. Investigation of Joinability Of 25% Recycled Al6016 Sheets by Friction Stir Butt Welding at Different Tool Rotation Speed. MATECA. 01 Nisan 2025;6(1):1-12. doi:10.52795/mateca.1553191