Bir Uçak Braketinin Çok Kriterli Yaklaşımla Topoloji Optimizasyonu

Abstract

Havacılık sektöründe hafiflik tasarımı uzun süredir yapısal verimliliğin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Ağırlığın azaltılması, yakıt tüketimini düşürmekte ve genel performansı artırmaktadır. Günümüzde metal eklemeli imalat sayesinde karmaşık geometrilere sahip hafif bileşenlerin üretimi mümkün hale gelmiştir. Ancak bu yöntemlerle üretilen parçaların titreşim davranışlarının da dikkatle değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Özellikle motor bağlantı braketleri gibi dinamik yükler altındaki parçalar için doğal frekansın korunması veya artırılması kritik öneme sahiptir. Doğal frekansın artırılması rezonans riskini azaltarak yorulma ömrünü uzatmaktadır. Topoloji optimizasyonu bu bağlamda etkili bir tasarım yaklaşımı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu yöntem, belirli kısıtlar altında malzeme dağılımını optimize ederek hem ağırlığı azaltmakta hem de dayanımı artırmaktadır. Ancak hacim azaltma amaçlı topolopji optimizasyonu genellikle doğal frekans değerlerinin azalmasıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ti-6Al-4V malzemesinden üretilen bir uçak motor braketinin SIMP yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilen topoloji optimizasyon süreci ve optimize edilen parçanın titreşim davranışı ele alınmıştır. Bu süreçte optimizasyon için ana hedef doğal frekansın korunması ve maksimasyonu iken bunun yanında dayanımın iyileştirilerek hacimsel/kütlesel hafifletmesi kriterleri de uygulanmıştır. Optimizasyon sonrasında elde edilen braketin statik ve modal analiz sonuçlarında optimized braketin baseline brakete göre hacimsel/kütlesel olarak %32,5 azalırken, von mises gerilim değerleri %12,2 oranında azalmıştır. Doğal frekansta ise optimized braketin ilk modu %5,11 artarken diğer modları %8-15 arasında artmıştır. Sonuçlar, tasarımın hem kütle azaltımı hem de dinamik performans açısından başarılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Topoloji optimizasyonu ve eklemeli imalat entegrasyonu, gelecekte havacılık yapılarında daha hafif ve dayanıklı bileşenlerin geliştirilmesi için büyük potansiyel taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• Braket
• SIMP metodu
• doğal frekans
• topoloji optimizasyonu
• Ti6Al4V

Topology Optimization of an Aircraft Bracket with a Multi-Criteria Approach

Abstract

In the aviation industry, lightweight design has long been central to structural efficiency. Reducing weight reduces fuel consumption and increases overall performance. Metal additive manufacturing has made it possible to produce lightweight components with complex geometries. However, the vibration behavior of parts manufactured with these methods also requires careful consideration. Maintaining or increasing the natural frequency is critical, especially for parts under dynamic loads, such as engine mounting brackets. Increasing the natural frequency reduces the risk of resonance and extends fatigue life. Topology optimization stands out as an effective design approach in this context. This method reduces weight and increases strength by optimizing material distribution under certain constraints. This study examines the topology optimization process of an aircraft engine bracket manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V material, performed using the SIMP method, and the vibration behavior of the optimized part. The main optimization goal in this process was to maintain and maximize the natural frequency, while criteria for volumetric/mass reduction were also applied by improving strength. Static and modal analysis results of the bracket obtained after optimization revealed a 32.5% volumetric/mass reduction for the optimized bracket compared to the baseline bracket, while von Mises stress values decreased by 12.2%. At natural frequency, the first mode of the optimized bracket increased by 5.11%, while the other modes increased by 8-15%. The results demonstrate that the design is successful in terms of both mass reduction and dynamic performance. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing holds great potential for the development of lighter and more durable components in future aerospace structures.

Keywords

• Bracket
• SIMP method
• natural frequence
• topology optimization
• Ti6Al4V

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