Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ile MRS Besiyerinde Tek Hücre Proteini Üretiminin Çevresel Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi: Sıcak Noktalar, Kritik Aşamalar ve Sürdürülebilir Biyoproses Tasarımı için Optimizasyon Senaryoları

Abstract

Bu çalışma, laboratuvar koşullarında MRS besiyeri kullanılarak Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ile tek hücre proteini (THP) üretiminin beşikten kapıya (cradle-to-gate) çevresel yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesini (LCA) sunmaktadır. ISO 14040/44 standartları izlenmiş ve ReCiPe 2016 Orta Nokta (H) yöntemi uygulanarak on çevresel etki kategorisi değerlendirilmiştir. Fonksiyonel birim, 1 kg kurutulmuş THP biyokütlesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaşam döngüsü envanteri (LCI), deneysel veriler ve Türkiye’nin elektrik üretim karışımına uyarlanmış Ecoinvent 3.11 veritabanı kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Sonuçlar, iklim değişikliği (645,7 kg CO₂-eşd.), karasal ekotoksisite (1075,9 kg 1,4-DCB-eşd.) ve fosil yakıt kullanımı (160,3 kg petrol-eşd.) kategorilerinde yüksek çevresel yükler ortaya koymuş; bu etkilerin özellikle santrifüj aşamasında yoğunlaşan elektrik tüketiminden kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Su kullanımı (7,4 m³) ve arazi kullanımı (443,7 m²•yıl) da dikkate değer düzeydedir. Hidrojen temelli sistemlerle karşılaştırıldığında, MRS temelli THP sistemi fosil enerji kullanımı ve sentetik besiyeri girdileri nedeniyle daha yüksek çevresel etkilere sahiptir. Atık türevli besiyerlerinin kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerji entegrasyonu ve yüksek verimli suşların geliştirilmesini içeren senaryo bazlı iyileştirmeler önerilmektedir. Bulgular, mikrobiyal protein üretim sistemlerinin çevresel sürdürülebilirliğinin artırılmasına yönelik önemli içgörüler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Tek Hücre Proteini
• Çevresel Biyoteknoloji
• Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (LCA)
• Biyoproses Sürdürülebilirliği
• Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Single-Cell Protein Production by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in MRS Medium: Hotspots, Bottlenecks, and Optimization Scenarios for Sustainable Bioprocess Design

Abstract

This study presents a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of single-cell protein (SCP) production using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in MRS medium under laboratory conditions. Following ISO 14040/44 and applying the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method, ten environmental impact categories were evaluated. The functional unit was 1 kg of dried SCP biomass. Life cycle inventory was compiled from experimental data and Ecoinvent 3.11, adapted to Turkey’s electricity mix. Results revealed high burdens in climate change (645.7 kg CO₂-eq), terrestrial ecotoxicity (1075.9 kg 1,4-DCB-eq), and fossil fuel use (160.3 kg oil-eq), driven by electricity consumption, especially during centrifugation. Water use (7.4 m³) and land use (443.7 m²a) were also substantial. Compared to hydrogen-based systems, the MRS-based SCP system exhibited higher impacts due to fossil energy and synthetic media. Scenario-based improvements—including waste-derived media, renewable energy, and high-yield strains—are proposed. The findings offer key insights for improving the environmental sustainability of microbial protein production systems.

Keywords

• Single-Cell Protein
• Environmental Biotechnology
• Life Cycle Assessment
• Bioprocess Sustainability
• Environmental Sustainability

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