Sosyal Medyada İdeolojik ve Siyasi Kutuplaşma Üzerine Nicel Bir Araştırma

Abstract

İnternet kullanıcılara yer ve zamandan bağımsız olarak sınırsız veriye ve enformasyona kolayca erişebilecekleri bir ortam sağlamıştır. Ancak özellikle sosyal medya mecralarının yaygınlaşması ile algoritmik filtreleme faktörleri ve kullanıcıların kendine benzer özelliklerde olan kullanıcılarla etkileşimde bulunma durumu bir kullanıcının tükettiği içeriğin genişliğini daraltmıştır. Bu durum sosyal medyadaki kullanıcıların yalnızca kendi inanç ve görüşleriyle benzer özelliklerde olan içerikleri tükettiği kısır bir döngüye yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, sosyal medya mecralarını oluşturan algoritmaların filtreleme faktörlerinden bağımsız olarak kullanıcıların sosyal medya kullanma pratiklerinin ideolojik ve siyasi kutuplaşma üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Araştırmada basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle 770 katılımcı belirlenmiş ve anket soruları katılımcılara çevrim içi araçlarla ulaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen bulgular katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun farklı ideolojik ve siyasi görüşe sahip diğer sıradan kullanıcıları takip etmediklerini ve bu kullanıcılarla etkileşimde bulunmadıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Benzer şekilde katılımcıların çoğunluğunun karşıt ideolojik görüşteki gazetecileri ve siyasi liderleri takip etmedikleri ve bu kişilerin sosyal medya paylaşımlarıyla etkileşimde bulunmadıkları bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak filtre balonlarının etkisiyle kendi ideolojik ve siyasi düşüncesine benzer içerikler sunulan kullanıcılar, bilinçli olarak farklı görüşlerin önüne set çekmekte ve kendilerini gönüllü olarak yankı odalarına hapsetmektedir.

Keywords

• Sosyal Medya
• Kutuplaşma
• Yankı Odaları
• Filtre Balonları
• Siyasi İdeoloji

A Quantitative Research on Ideological and Political Polarization on Social Media

Abstract

The Internet has provided users with an environment where they can easily access unlimited data and information regardless of place and time. However, especially with the spread of social media channels, algorithmic filtering factors and the tendency of users to interact with other users with similar characteristics have narrowed the limit of the content consumed by a user. This leads to a vicious cycle in which users on social media only consume content that has similar characteristics to their own beliefs and opinions. This study examines the effects of users’ social media usage practices on ideological and political polarization in social media channels, regardless of the filtering factors of algorithms. In the study, 770 participants were determined by a simple random sampling method and the survey questions were delivered to the participants via online tools. According to the results of the research, it has been revealed that the majority of the participants do not follow users with different ideological and political views on social media and do not interact with these users. In addition, it was observed that the majority of the participants do not follow journalists and political leaders with opposing ideological and political views and do not interact with their posts. As a result, users, who are presented with content similar to their own ideological and political thoughts with the effect of filter bubbles, are also consciously blocking different opinions and voluntarily imprisoning themselves in echo chambers.

Keywords

• Social Media
• Polarization
• Echo Chambers
• Filter Bubbles
• Political Ideology

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