Comparison Of The Driving Anger Levels Of Professional And Non-Professional Drivers

Abstract

Aggressive behaviors caused by anger can be seen in almost every field where social relations exist. Such aggressive behaviors can also make its presence felt in traffic. Almost every individual can be the perpetrator or victim of driving anger in traffic. Driving anger can end up with verbal or physical aggression, injury or death. In this study, the driving anger levels of professional and non-professional drivers are examined. The sample of the study consists of 280 professional and non-professional drivers in total. In the study, Personal Information Form and Driving Anger Scale were applied. For the purpose of the study, Independent Samples T Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used. According to the findings, non-professional drivers got higher scores than professional drivers in discourtesy, hostile gestures and illegal driving sub-dimensions. It was determined that professional drivers got higher scores than non-professional drivers in the police presence sub-dimension.

Keywords

• Driving Anger
• Professional Driver
• Aggression
• Traffic

Profesyonel Sürücüler İle Profesyonel Olmayan Sürücülerin Sürücü Öfke Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Öfkenin neden olduğu saldırgan davranışlar sosyal ilişkilerin bulunduğu hemen her alanda görülebilmektedir. Bu tür saldırgan davranışlar, trafikte de varlığını hissettirebilmektedir. Hemen her birey trafikteki sürücü öfkesinin faili ya da mağduru olabilmektedir. Sürücü öfkesi, sözel veya fiziksel saldırganlık, yarala(n)ma veya ölümle sonuçlanabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada profesyonel sürücüler ile profesyonel olmayan sürücülerin, sürücü öfke düzeyleri incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, profesyonel ve profesyonel olmayan toplam 280 sürücüden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile Sürücü Öfke Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Bağımsız Gruplar İçin T Testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre profesyonel olmayan sürücüler, profesyonel sürücülere göre saygısızlık-kabalık; saldırgan-düşmanca hareketler ve kural ihlali alt boyutlarından daha yüksek puan almıştır. Trafik zabıtasının varlığı alt boyutunda ise profesyonel sürücülerin, profesyonel olmayan sürücülere göre daha yüksek puan aldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Sürücü Öfkesi
• Profesyonel Sürücü
• Saldırganlık
• Trafik

References

1. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety (2016). Prevalence of Self-Reported Aggressive Driving Behavior: United States, 2014. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
2. Albentosa, J., Stephens, A. N. ve Sullman, M. J. M. (2018). Driver anger in France: The relationships between sex, gender roles, trait and state driving anger and appraisals made while driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 52, 127-137.
3. Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal Of Communication, 28(3), 12-29.
4. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: Meridian.
5. Berdoulat, E., Vavassori, D. ve Sastre, M. T. M. (2013). Driving anger, emotional and instrumental aggressiveness, and impulsiveness in the prediction of aggressive and transgressive driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 50, 758-767.
6. Brandenburg, S., Oehl, M. ve Seigies, K. (2017). German taxi drivers' experiences and expressions of driving anger: Are the driving anger scale and the driving anger expression inventory valid measures?. Traffic Injury Prevention, 18(8), 807-812.
7. Budak, S. (2009). Psikoloji sözlüğü. (4’üncü baskı). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat.
8. Cabarkapa, M., Cubranic-Dobrodolac, M., Cicevic, S. ve Antic, B. (2018). The influence of aggressive driving behavior and impulsiveness on traffic accidents. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 8(3), 372-389.

9. Caird, J. K. ve Kline, T. J. (2004). The relationships between organizational and individual variables to on-the-job driver accidents and accident-free kilometres. Ergonomics, 47(15), 1598-1613.
10. Cong, H., Shi, X., Cooper, J., Ye, Z., Suo, Z., Zhao, X., ... Chen, C. (2019). Road rage in China: An exploratory study. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 1-22.
11. D'Ambrosio, L. A., Donorfio, L. K. M., Coughlin, J. F., Mohyde, M. ve Meyer, J. (2008). Gender differences in self-regulation patterns and attitudes toward driving among older adults. Journal of Women & Aging, 20(3-4), 265-282.
12. Danciu, B., Popa, C., Micle, M. I. ve Preda, G. (2012). Psychological risk factors for road safety. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 363-367.
13. Deffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E. R. ve Lynch, R. S. (1994). Development of a driving anger scale. Psychological Reports, 74(1), 83-91.
14. Delice, M. (2013). Sürücüyü öfkelendiren davranışların ve sürücülerin bu davranışlara verdiği tepkilerin incelenmesi. Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 17(2), 251-273.
15. Dollard, J., Miller, N. E., Doob, L. W., Mowrer, O. H. ve Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press.
16. Durak Batıgün, A. ve Yasak, Y. (2019). Güvenli sürücülük ile ilişkili değişkenler: Kişilerarası ilişki tarzı ve trafik öfke ifadesi. Nesne, 7(15), 170-183.
17. Fei, G., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Yao, H., Yang, J., Li, X., ... Xiang, H. (2019). Driving anger among motor vehicle drivers in China: A cross-sectional survey. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(6), 570-574.
18. Feng, Z., Lei, Y., Liu, H., Kumfer, W. J., Zhang, W., Wang, K. ve Lu, S. (2016). Driving anger in China: A case study on professional drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 255-266.
19. Fındık, G. (2016). Job stress, burnout, and aberrant driving among professional drivers of old age (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
20. Friedman, R., Anderson, C., Brett, J., Olekalns, M., Goates, N. ve Lisco, C. C. (2004). The positive and negative effects of anger on dispute resolution: Evidence from electronically mediated disputes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 369-376.
21. Gonzalez-Iglesias, B., Gomez-Fraguela, J. A. ve Luengo-Martin, M. A. (2012). Driving anger and traffic violations: Gender differences. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 15(4), 404-412.
22. Holgaard, R., Moller, M. ve Haustein, S. (2018). Hvad gor trafikanter vrede? Analyse af situationer med vejvrede og forskelle mellem trafikanttyper. Danish Journal of Transportation Research - Dansk tidskrift for transportforskning, 1-10.
23. Hollenhorst, P. S. (1998). What do we know about anger management programs in corrections. Federal Probation, 62(2), 52-64.
24. İçmeli, C., Özçetin, A., Bahçebaşı, T. ve Ataoğlu, A. (2011). Toplu taşıma ve tır-kamyon sürücülerinde öfke ve öfke ifade tarzı. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(2), 18-23.
25. King, L. M., Nguyen, H. T. ve Lal, S. K. L. (2006, Ağustos). Early driver fatigue detection from electroencephalography signals using artificial neural networks. International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (s. 2187-2190) içinde. New York, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri.
26. Koç, B. (2011). Okullarda şiddet. (2’nci baskı). İstanbul: eYazı.
27. Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A. ve Yarcheski, T. J. (2000). Positive and negative outcomes of anger in early adolescents. Research in Nursing & Health, 23(1), 17-24.
28. Maslac, M., Antic, B., Lipovac, K., Pesic, D. ve Milutinovic, N. (2018). Behaviours of drivers in Serbia: Non-professional versus professional drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 52, 101-111.
29. Mehdizadeh, M., Shariat-Mohaymany, A. ve Nordfjaern, T. (2019). Driver behaviour and crash involvement among professional taxi and truck drivers: Light passenger cars versus heavy goods vehicles. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 62, 86-98.
30. Nesbit, S. M. ve Conger, J. C. (2011). Evaluation of cognitive responses to anger-provoking driving situations using the articulated thoughts during simulated situations procedure. Transportation Research Part F, 14(1), 54-65.
31. Nordfaern, T., Jorgensen, S. H. ve Rundmo, T. (2012). Safety attitudes, behaviour, anxiety and perceived control among professional and non-professional drivers. Journal of Risk Research, 15(8), 875-896.
32. Öz, B., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2010). Professional and non-professional drivers’ stress reactions and risky driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(1), 32-40.
33. Özkan, T. ve Lajunen, T. (2005). Why are there sex differences in risky driving? The relationship between sex and gender‐role on aggressive driving, traffic offences, and accident involvement among young Turkish drivers. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 31(6), 547-558.
34. Öztürk, İ., Fındık, G. ve Özkan T. (2019). Trafik ortamında cinsiyet rollerinin sürücü davranışları ve sürüş becerileriyle ilişkisi. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 78–92.
35. Öztürk, İ. ve Lajunen, T. J. (2015). Cinsiyet rolleri, düşmanlık, genel öfke ve sürücü öfkesinin genç sürücülerin sürücü öfke ifadesine etkisi. Ş. Yaprak (Ed.), 6. Karayolu Trafik Güvenliği Sempozyumu ve Sergisi içinde (s. 54-66). Ankara: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü.
36. Shi, X. ve Zhang, L. (2017). Effects of altruism and burnout on driving behavior of bus drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 102, 110-115.
37. Sullman, M. J. M. (2006). Anger amongst New Zealand drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(3), 173-184.
38. Sullman, M. J. M., Gras, M. E., Cunill, M., Planes, M. ve Font-Mayolas, S. (2007). Driving anger in Spain. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(4), 701-713.
39. Sullman, M. J. M., Paxion, J. ve Stephens, A. N. (2017). Gender roles, sex and the expression of driving anger. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 106, 23-30.
40. Sullman, M. J. M., Stephens, A. N. ve Hill, T. (2017). Gender roles and the expression of driving anger among Ukrainian drivers. Risk Analysis, 37(1), 52-64.
41. Tokur Kesgin, M. (2019). The anger in municipal bus drivers and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics. Cukurova Medical Journal, 44(4), 1292-1302.
42. Treat, J. R., Tumbas, N. S., McDonald, S. T., Shinar, D., Hume, R. D., Mayer, R. E., ... Castellan, N. J. (1979). Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents: Final report. Executive summary. Indiana University, Bloomington, Institute for Research in Public Safety.
43. Westerman, S. ve Haigney, D. (2000). Individual differences in driver stress, error and violation. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(5), 981–998.
44. Yaprak, Ş. ve Akbulut, A. M. (2019). Trafik kaza ve denetim istatistikleri. Ankara: Polis Akademisi.
45. Yasak, Y. ve Eşiyok, B. (2009). Anger amongst Turkish drivers: Driving anger scale and its adapted, long and short version. Safety Science, 47(1), 138-144.
46. Yılmaz, Ş., Öz, B. ve Özkan, T. (2019). Profesyonel sürücülükte sürücü davranışlarına yönelik nitel bir çalışma. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 51-65.