AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF COMPANIES LISTED IN THE BIST SUSTAINABILITY INDEX TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Öz

Within the context of sustainability, it is becoming increasingly important to evaluate companies not only on their financial performance but also on their environmental impact, social responsibility, and governance structures. The aim of this study is to analyze the extent to which 89 companies’ included in the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) Sustainability Index contribute to the 17 sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. The study examined the companies 2023 activity reports and sustainability reports using content analysis, and the information and practices included in each company’s report were scored within the context of the sustainable development goals. The analysis results reveal that the vast majority of companies included in the BIST Sustainability Index demonstrate high performance in environmental sustainability goals, but contribute less to social goals such as gender equality, poverty reduction, and quality education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sustainability
• sustainability development goals
• BIST Sustainabililty Index

BIST SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK ENDEKSİNDE YER ALAN ŞİRKETLERİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA HEDEFLERİNE KATKI DÜZEYLERİNİN ANALİZİ

Öz

Sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında şirketlerin sadece finansal performanslarıyla değil; çevresel etkileri, sosyal sorumlulukları ve yönetişim yapılarıyla da değerlendirilmesi giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul (BIST) Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinde yer alan 89 şirketin Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından belirlenen 17 sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefine ne ölçüde katkı sağladığını analiz etmektir. Çalışma kapsamında şirketlerin 2023 yılına ait faaliyet raporları veya sürdürülebilirlik raporları içerik analalizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiş; her bir şirketin raporlarında yer alan bilgi ve uygulamalar sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri bağlamında puanlanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinde yer alan şirketlerin büyük çoğunluğunun çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik hedeflerde yüksek performans gösterdiğini; ancak toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği, yoksulluğun azaltılması ve nitelikli eğitim gibi sosyal hedeflerde daha düşük düzeyde katkı sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürüllebilirlik
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri
• BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi

Kaynakça

1. Akbaş, H. E., Bozkurt, S., Can, E. N., & Yalçınyiğit, S. (2024). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları raporlaması: BIST-100 endeksinde yer alan şirketler üzerine bir inceleme. International Journal of Social Science Research, Advanced Online Publication, 73–90.
2. Allen, C., Metternicht, G., & Wiedmann, T. (2019). Prioritizing SDG targets: Assessing baselines, gaps and interlinkages. Sustainability Science, 14(2), 421–438.
3. Amel-Zadeh, A., Chen, M., Mussalli, G., & Weinberg, M. (2021). NLP for SDGs: measuring corporate alignment with the sustainable development goals. Columbia Business School Research Paper.
4. Barbosa, A. de S., da Silva, M. C. B. C., da Silva, L. B., Morioka, S. N., & de Souza, V. F. (2023). Integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria: Their impacts on corporate sustainability performance. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, Article 410.
5. Boiral, O., Heras‐Saizarbitoria, I., & Brotherton, M.‐C. (2019). Corporate sustainability and Indigenous community engagement in the extractive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 701–711.
6. Bose, S., & Khan, H. Z. (2022). Sustainable development goals (SDGs) reporting and the role of country-level institutional factors: An international evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 355, 131735.
7. Cumbana, D. A. P. T., Kiala, D., & Penedo, A. S. T. (2025). Sustainability reporting and sustainable development goals: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1).
8. Demir, Y., & Konak, F. (2025). Sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında içerik analizi: Gıda sektöründe yer alan işletmeler üzerine bir değerlendirme. İktisadi ve İdari Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 7(2), 176–188.

9. Diaz‐Sarachaga, J. M. (2021). Shortcomings in reporting contributions towards the sustainable development goals. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(4), 1299-1312.
10. Fleming, A., Wise, R., Hansen, H., & Sams, L. (2017). The Sustainable Development Goals: A case study. Marine Policy, 86, 94–103.
11. Fonseca, L. M., & Carvalho, F. (2019). The reporting of SDGs by quality, environmental, and occupational health and safety-certified organizations. Sustainability, 11(20), 5797.
12. Erin, O. A., Bamigboye, O. A. ve Oyewo, B. (2022). Sustainable development goals (SDG) reporting: an analysis of disclosure. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 12(5), 761789.
13. Giri, F. S., & Chaparro, T. S. (2023). Measuring business impacts on the SDGs: A systematic literature review. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 2(3).
14. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). (2022). Linking the SDGs and the GRI Standard. https://www.globalreporting.org/how-to-use-the-gri-standards/global-alignment/
15. Goubran, S. (2019). On the role of construction in achieving the SDGs. Journal of Sustainability Research, 1(2), 1–52.
16. Haas, B., Fleming, A., Haward, M., & McGee, J. (2019). Big fishing: The role of the large-scale commercial fishing industry in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 29(1), 161–175
17. Hacıhasanoğlu, E., Ünlüsoy, Ö. F., & Madenoğlu, F. S. (2024). An analysis of annual reports from the sustainable development goals perspective. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 24(3), 541-558.
18. Hummel, K. ve Szekely, M. (2022). Disclosure on the sustainable development goals – evidence from Europe. Accounting in Europe, 19(1), 152-189.
19. Ike, M., Donovan, J., Topple, C., & Masli, E. (2019). The process of selecting and prioritizing corporate sustainability issues: Insights for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117661.
20. Karadeniz, E., ve Uzpak, B. D. (2020). Borsa İstanbul sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde sürekli olarak yer alan şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetlerinin analizi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(3), 492-511.
21. Khaled, R., Ali, H., ve Mohamed, E. K. A. (2021). The sustainable development goals and corporate sustainability performance: mapping, extent, and determinants. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311, 127599.
22. Le Blanc, D. (2015). Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets. Sustainable Development, 23(3), 176–187.
23. Morhardt, J. E. (2001). Scoring corporate environmental reports for comprehensiveness: A comparison of three systems. Environmental Management, 27(6), 881–892.
24. Nilsson, M., Chisholm, E., Griggs, D., Howden-Chapman, P., McCollum, D., Messerli, P., Neumann, B., Stevance, A., Visbeck, M., & Stafford-Smith, M. (2018). Mapping interactions between the sustainable development goals: Lessons learned and ways forward. Sustainability Science, 13(6), 1489–1503.
25. Noora Yusuf. (2024). Content Analysis of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Reporting Practices: Evidence from Bahraini-Listed Companies. Sustainability, 17(11), 4915.
26. Öz, M. (2025). BIST Sürdürülebilirlik 25 Endeksi şirketlerinin su ve sanitasyon açıklamaları: SKA 6 çerçevesinde değerlendirme. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 47, 307–331.
27. Öztürk, S. (2023). Türkiye’de entegre raporlarda birleşmiş milletler sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerini açıklama kalitesinin belirlenmesi. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 25 (MODAVICA Özel Sayısı), 300-328.
28. Pineda-Escobar, M. A. (2019). Moving the 2030 agenda forward: SDG implementation in Colombia. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 19(1), 176–188.
29. Rosati, F., & Faria, L. (2019a). Addressing the SDGs in sustainability reports: The relationship with institutional factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 1312–1326.
30. Rosati, F., & Faria, L. (2019b). Business contribution to the Sustainable Development Agenda: Organizational factors related to early adoption of SDG reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(3), 588–597.
31. SDG Compass (2015). The guide for business action on the SDGs. https://sdgcompass.org
32. Subramaniam, N., Kansal, M., & Babu, S. (2023). Sustainable development goal reporting: Contrasting quality and quantity among firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 408, 137187.
33. Topple, C., Donovan, J., Masli, E., & Borgert, T. (2017). Corporate sustainability assessments: MNE engagement with sustainable development and the SDGs. Transnational Corporations, 24(3), 61–71.
34. Trucco, S., Demartini, M. C., & Beretta, V. (2021). The reporting of sustainable development goals: Is the integrated approach the missing link? SN Business & Economics, 1(35), 1–13.
35. Urbieta, L. (2024). Firms reporting of sustainable development goals (SDGs): An empirical study of best-in-class companies. Sustainable Development, 32(5).
36. Van der Waal, J., & Thijssens, T. (2020). Corporate involvement in sustainable development goals: Exploring the territory. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119625.
37. Van Zanten, J.A., & Van Tulder, R. (2018). Multinational enterprises and the Sustainable Development Goals: An institutional approach to corporate engagement. Journal of International Business Policy, 1(3–4), 208–233.
38. Van Zanten, J. A., & van Tulder, R. (2021). Improving companies’ impacts on Sustainable Development Goals: A ranking of SDG integration in corporate reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(2), 932–945.
39. Vildåsen, S. (2018). Corporate sustainability in practice: An exploratory study of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Business Strategy & Development, 1(4), 256–264.
40. Yurdakul, M., & Öztürk, S. (2024). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri bağlamında BIST sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde yer alan işletmelerde sürdürülebilirlik performansının incelenmesi. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(2), 191–214.
41. Yusuf, N. (2025). Content analysis of sustainable development goal (SDG) reporting practices: Evidence from Bahraini-listed companies. Sustainability, 17(11), 4915.