Investigation of the Antagonistic Effect of Enterococcus Durans Strains on Microorganisms Responsible for Black Tooth Staining

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 319 - 325, 22.09.2025

Esra Çengel , Ahuse Senem Karaağaç , Dilşah Çoğulu , Ataç Uzel

https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1672292

Abstract

Objective: Black stain is an extrinsic tooth discoloration, characterized by dark lines or incomplete pigmentation along the gingival margin in the cervical third of the tooth. Bacteria from the genus Capnocytophaga, particularly facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, fusiform-shaped species, are believed to contribute to its formation. Lactic acid bacteria, such as Enterococcus durans, are gram-positive bacilli that have been extensively studied for their probiotic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effects of three E.durans strains against bacteria isolated from black tooth stain and Capnocytophaga ochracea.
Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 50 children aged 9-12 years at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of XXX University. The samples were diluted and cultured on trypticase bacitracin blood polymyxin agar to isolate cultivable bacteria associated. Isolates were identified using biochemical tests, including indole, catalase, oxidase, and Gram staining under 8% CO₂ conditions. The antagonistic effects of the E.durans strains against both black stain bacteria and C.ochracea ATCC 27872 were assessed on blood agar plates. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0. The normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Absolute and logarithmic bacterial counts were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: Among the tested strains, E.durans K2-2 exhibited the strongest antagonistic effect against C.ochracea, with a 12mm inhibition zone.
Conclusion: These results suggest that E.durans strains with probiotic potential may contribute to the prevention of dental caries by inhibiting associated bacterial species. Further studies are needed to investigate their mechanisms of action and to evaluate their potential use in preventive oral healthcare.

Keywords

Black tooth stain , Enterococcus durans , Capnocytophaga ochracea , probiotics

Enterococcus durans Suşlarının Siyah Diş Renklenmesi ile İlişkili Bakterilere Karşı Antagonistik Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Siyah diş renklenmesi, dişin servikal üçlüsünde, dişeti kenarı boyunca görülen koyu çizgiler veya tamamlanmamış pigmentasyon ile karakterize edilen dışsal bir renklenme türüdür. Bu renklenmenin oluşumunda, Capnocytophaga cinsine ait, fakültatif anaerobik, gram negatif, fusiform morfolojili bakterilerin rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Enterococcus durans gibi laktik asit bakterileri, probiyotik özellikleri nedeniyle yaygın olarak araştırılan gram pozitif basillerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, E. durans suşlarının siyah diş renklenmesinden ve Capnocytophaga ochracea’dan izole edilen bakterilere karşı in vitro antagonistik etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, XXX Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’na rutin diş muayenesi için başvuran 9-12 yaş arası 50 çocuk hastadan siyah diş renklenmesi örnekleri alınmıştır. Örnekler seyreltilmiş ve triptikaz basitrasin kan polimiksin agar besiyerine ekilerek kültürlenebilir mikroorganizmalar izole edilmiştir. İzolatların tanımlanmasında %8 CO₂ ortamında indol, katalaz, oksidaz ve gram boyama testleri kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı E. durans suşunun, siyah renklenmeye neden olan bakteriler ve C.ochracea ATCC 27872 üzerindeki antagonistik etkileri kanlı agar besiyerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin normallik dağılımı Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen mutlak ve logaritmik bakteri sayımları Kruskal-Wallis testi ile istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Test edilen E. durans suşları arasında K2-2 suşu, C. ochracea’ya karşı 12 mm’lik inhibisyon bölgesi oluşturarak en yüksek antagonistik aktiviteyi göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Elde edilen veriler, probiyotik potansiyele sahip E. durans suşlarının siyah diş renklenmesi ile ilişkili bakterileri inhibe ederek bu durumun önlenmesinde rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu suşların etki mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması ve koruyucu ağız sağlığındaki potansiyel uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Siyah diş renklenmesi , Enterococcus durans , Capnocytophaga ochracea , probiyotikler

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