Sinyal, İttifak Desteği ve Patronaj: Yapısal Realizm Çerçevesinde ABD–Arnavutluk İlişkilerinin Yeniden Yorumlanması

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Arnavutluk arasındaki ilişkileri Yapısal Realist perspektif çerçevesinde patron–client ilişkileri, alliance support ve signaling kavramları üzerinden incelemektedir. Çalışma, ilişkileri dört temel dönem bağlamında ele almaktadır: I. Dünya Savaşı dönemi, II. Dünya Savaşı dönemi, Soğuk Savaş dönemi ve Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönem. Araştırma, uluslararası sistemik yapıdaki yeteneklerin dağılımı değişimlerinin Arnavutluk’un dış politika yönelimlerini ve büyük güçlerle ilişkilerini şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. İlk dönemde Wilson ilkeleri çerçevesindeki kendi kaderini tayin hakkı söylemleri erken dönem sinyal faaliyetleri olarak değerlendirilmiştir. II. Dünya Savaşı sürecinde ABD, Birleşik Krallık ve SSCB’nin Arnavutluk’taki direniş hareketlerine verdikleri destek rekabet savaşı ve rekabetçi patronaj ilişkileri bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Arnavutluk’un SSCB ve Çin ile ilişkileri alternatif patron arayışları üzerinden incelenmiştir. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde ise ABD’nin ekonomik, siyasi ve güvenlik temelli destekleri ittifak desteği yapısına dönüşen patron–bağımlı devlet ilişkileri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Yapısal Realizm
• patron-bağımlı devlet ilişkileri
• ittifak desteği
• sinyal
• ABD-Arnavutluk İlişkileri

Signaling, Alliance Support, and Patronage: Reinterpreting U.S.–Albania Relations through Structural Realism

Abstract

This study examines the relations between the United States and Albania within a Structural Realist framework through the concepts of patron–client relations, alliance support, and signaling. The study analyzes bilateral relations across four major periods: the World War I era, the World War II era, the Cold War period, and the post–Cold War period. The findings demonstrate that shifts in the distribution of capabilities within the international system played a decisive role in shaping Albania’s foreign policy orientation and its relations with major powers. During the first stage, Wilsonian principles and the discourse of self-determination were interpreted as early signaling mechanisms. During World War II, the support provided by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the USSR to Albanian resistance movements was analyzed within the framework of proxy warfare and competitive patronage relations. During the Cold War, Albania’s relations with the USSR and China were examined through the lens of alternative patronage strategies. In the post–Cold War era, U.S. economic, political, and security assistance evolved into a broader framework of alliance support rooted in patron–client relations.

Keywords

• Structural Realism
• patron-client relations
• alliance support
• signaling
• U.S.-Albania relations

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