Histological changes in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed on high levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate

Abstract

We designed this experiment to examine the impact of high levels of dietary Cr(III) on the histological structure of the gut, liver, kidney and spleen of the juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.; average weight 15 ± 0.69 g). Fish were fed on different levels of dietary Cr as chromium chloride CrCl3.6H2O (0.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg) Cr/kg diet for 10 weeks at 25 ± 1.5ºC. At the end of the experiment, no mortalities were recorded. High levels of dietary Cr impaired the normal histological structure of the tested organs. Different Cr treatments showed signs of toxicity in the liver and gut that involved the appearance of foci of inflammatory cells, pyknotic nuclei, foci of melanomacrophages, vacuole formation, degeneration of hepatocytes and erythrocytes aggregation in the liver and lifting of the lining epithelium, vacuolation, surface erosion in the intestine. The kidney of Cr treatments showed remarkable changes that include renal tubular separation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, aggregation of red blood cells, degeneration of renal tubules, necrosis of hematopoietic tissue and oedema. Injuries and damage were observed in the spleens of fish fed with Cr-fortified diets, including necrosis, depletion of lymphoid tissues and vacuoles formation. In conclusion, ingestion of high levels of dietary Cr (III) generated adverse health effects, and the application of Cr (III) in fish diets should be cautious.

Keywords

• Chromium chloride ,
• histopathology,
• toxicity
• , common carb ( Cyprinus carpio L.)

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