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Dijitalleşme Çağında Aktivist Halkla İlişkiler: Uluslararası Literatür Üzerine Bir Analiz

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 108 - 138, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.1004598

Abstract

Günümüz dijitalleşme çağında, internet sayesinde aktivist grupların ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının gerçekleştirdiği halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri artmıştır. Aktivist gruplar ve sivil toplum kuruluşları internet sayesinde kolayca organize olabilmekte, düşük maliyetle daha çok kişiye ulaşabilmekte ve dünya çapında bir farkındalık oluşturabilmektedirler. Yeni medya aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen aktivist halka ilişkiler konusunun ele alındığı bu çalışmada, Web of Science’ta taranan ve halkla ilişkiler uluslararası literatürde önemli yere sahip Public Relations Review, Public Relations Inquiry, Journal of Public Relations Research dergileri incelenmiştir. Söz konusu dergilerde 2000-2020 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış ve aktivist halkla ilişkiler ve yeni medya konuları arasında bağ kuran makaleler belirlenip, yeni medyanın aktivist halkla ilişkiler üzerine etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla sistematik inceleme yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, aktivist gruplar ve STK’ların internet sayesinde aktivist halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin arttığını bununla birlikte kâr amacı güden kurumların aktivist halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerini daha az uyguladığını göstermektedir. Postmodern halkla ilişkiler anlayışında belirtildiği gibi, kurumların ve halkla ilişkiler çalışanlarının da aktivist halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarına başvurması gerekmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Tubitak

Project Number

TUBİTAK 2211-A Genel Yurt İçi Doktora Burs Programı

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın yazarı TUBİTAK 2211-A Genel Yurt İçi Doktora Programı kapsamında desteklenmektedir.

References

  • Allagui, I. (2017). Towards organisational activism in the UAE: A case study approach. Public Relations Review, 43(1), 258-266.
  • Botan, C. H., & Taylor, M. (2004). Public relations: State of the field. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 645-661.
  • Chen, Z. (2020). Who becomes an online activist and why: Understanding the publics in politicized consumer activism. Public Relations Review, 46(1), 101854.
  • Ciszek, E. L. (2015). Bridging the gap: Mapping the relationship between activism and public relations. Public Relations Review, 41(4), 447-455.
  • Ciszek, E. L. (2016). Digital activism: How social media and disssensus ınform theory and practice. Public Relations Review, 42(2), 314-321.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2014). It's not just pr: Public relations in society. Wiley Blackwell.
  • Demetrious, K. (2019). 'Energy wars': Global pr and public debate in the 21st century. Public Relations Inquiry, 8(1), 7-22.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (2005a). Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim modelleri. J. E. Grunig (Ed.), Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim yönetiminde mükemmellik (s. 307-348). Rota.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (2005b). The role of public relations in transitional societies. R. Lawniczak (Ed.), Introducing market economy institutions and instruments: The role of public relations in transitional economies (s. 3-25). Wydawnictwo Piar.pl.
  • Grunig, L. (2005). Eylemcilik: Örgütlerin etkinliğini nasıl sınırlıyor ve mükemmel halkla ilişkiler departmanları nasıl karşılık vermeli. J. E. Grunig (Ed.), Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim yönetiminde mükemmellik (s. 527-556). Rota.
  • Holtzhausen, D. (2000). Postmodern values in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 93-114.
  • Holtzhausen, D. R., & Voto, R. (2002). Resistance from the margins: The postmodern public relations practitioner as organizational activist. Journal of Public Relations Research, 14(1), 57-84.
  • Honda, L. P. (2016). Motivation for activists' participation in the 'it gets better project'. Public Relations Inquiry, 5(3), 253-276.
  • Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (1998). Building dialogic relationships through the world wide web. Public Relations Review, 24(3), 321-334.
  • Okay, A., & Okay, A. (2014). Halkla ilişkiler: Kavram, strateji ve uygulama. Der Yayınları.
  • Reber, H. B., & Kim, J. K. (2006). How activist groups use websites in media relations: Evaluating online press rooms. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(4), 313-333.
  • SCImago. (2021, Nisan). Scimago Journal & Country Rank. https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=public+relations
  • Seo, H., Kim, J. Y., & Yang, S.-U. (2009). Global activism and new media: A study of transnational ngo's online public relations. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 123-126.
  • Smith, M. F. (2013). Activism. R. L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public relations (s. 6-8). Sage Publications.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J. (2013). Online power resource management: Activist resource mobilization, communication strategy, and organizational structure. Journal of Public Relations Research, 25(4), 347-367.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J., & Yang, A. (2017). Relationship networks as strategic issues management: An issue-stage framework of social movement organization network strategies. Public Relations Review, 43(4), 829-839.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J., Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2012). Activist practitioner perspectives of website public relations: Why aren't activist websites fulfilling the diologic promise? Public Relations Review, 38(2), 303-312.
  • Stokes, A. Q., & Atkins-Sayre, W. (2018). PETA, rherotical fracture, and the power of digital activism. Public Relations Inquiry, 7(2), 149-170.
  • Tapscott, D., & Ticoll, D. (2003). The naked corporations: How the age of transparency will revolutionize business. Free Press.
  • Uysal, N., & Yang, A. (2013). The power of activist networks in the mass self-communication era: A triangulation study of the impact of wikileaks on the stock value of Bank of America. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 459-469.
  • Vardeman, J., & Sebesta, A. (2020). The problem of intersectionality as an approach to digital activism: The women's march on washington's attempt to unite all women. Journal of Public Relations Research, 32(1-2), 7-29.
  • Veil, S. R., Reno, J., Freihaut, R., & Oldham, J. (2015). Online activists vs. Kraft Foods: A case of social media hijacking. Publlic Relations Review, 41(1), 103-108.
  • Vercic, D., Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (1996). Global and specific principles of public relations: Evidence from Slovenia. H. M. Culbertson, & N. Chen (Ed.), International public relations: A comparative analysis (s. 31-65). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Vercic, D., Vercic, A. T., & Sriramesh, K. (2015). Looking for digital in public relations. Public Relations Review, 41(2), 142-152.
  • Victor, L. (2008). Systematic reviewing. Social Research Update, 54(Summer), 1-4.
  • Wakefield, R. I. (2007). Theory of international public relations, the internet, and activism: A personal reflection. Journal of Public Relations Research, 20(1), 138-157.
  • Williams, R. (2008). Eylemsellik ve halkla ilişkiler. S. Yıldırım Becerikli (Ed.), Ve halkla ilişkiler (s. 437-448). Karınca.
  • Xiong, Y., Cho, M., & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of twitter during the #metoo movement. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 10-23.

Activist Public Relations in the Age of Digitalization: An Analysis on International Literature

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 108 - 138, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.1004598

Abstract

In today’s digitalization era, public relations activities of activist groups and non-govermantal organizations have increased through the internet. Activist groups and non-govermental organizations can easily organize, reach more people at low cost, create a worldwide awareness through the internet. In this study, which deals with the issue of activist public relations through new media, Public Relations Review, Public Relations Inquiry, Journal of Public Relations Research, that are scanned in Web of Science and have an important place in the international literatüre of the public relations, were examined. The articles published in these journals between 2000-2020 and linking activist public relations and new media issues were determined and analyzed with a systematic review method in order to reveal the effect of new media on activist public relations. The findings show that activist groups and NGOs have increased their activist public relations activities through the internet however profit-oriented institutions practice few activist publis relations activities. As stated in the postmodern public relations view, institutions and public relations practitioners should apply activist public relations activities.

Project Number

TUBİTAK 2211-A Genel Yurt İçi Doktora Burs Programı

References

  • Allagui, I. (2017). Towards organisational activism in the UAE: A case study approach. Public Relations Review, 43(1), 258-266.
  • Botan, C. H., & Taylor, M. (2004). Public relations: State of the field. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 645-661.
  • Chen, Z. (2020). Who becomes an online activist and why: Understanding the publics in politicized consumer activism. Public Relations Review, 46(1), 101854.
  • Ciszek, E. L. (2015). Bridging the gap: Mapping the relationship between activism and public relations. Public Relations Review, 41(4), 447-455.
  • Ciszek, E. L. (2016). Digital activism: How social media and disssensus ınform theory and practice. Public Relations Review, 42(2), 314-321.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2014). It's not just pr: Public relations in society. Wiley Blackwell.
  • Demetrious, K. (2019). 'Energy wars': Global pr and public debate in the 21st century. Public Relations Inquiry, 8(1), 7-22.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (2005a). Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim modelleri. J. E. Grunig (Ed.), Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim yönetiminde mükemmellik (s. 307-348). Rota.
  • Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (2005b). The role of public relations in transitional societies. R. Lawniczak (Ed.), Introducing market economy institutions and instruments: The role of public relations in transitional economies (s. 3-25). Wydawnictwo Piar.pl.
  • Grunig, L. (2005). Eylemcilik: Örgütlerin etkinliğini nasıl sınırlıyor ve mükemmel halkla ilişkiler departmanları nasıl karşılık vermeli. J. E. Grunig (Ed.), Halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim yönetiminde mükemmellik (s. 527-556). Rota.
  • Holtzhausen, D. (2000). Postmodern values in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 93-114.
  • Holtzhausen, D. R., & Voto, R. (2002). Resistance from the margins: The postmodern public relations practitioner as organizational activist. Journal of Public Relations Research, 14(1), 57-84.
  • Honda, L. P. (2016). Motivation for activists' participation in the 'it gets better project'. Public Relations Inquiry, 5(3), 253-276.
  • Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (1998). Building dialogic relationships through the world wide web. Public Relations Review, 24(3), 321-334.
  • Okay, A., & Okay, A. (2014). Halkla ilişkiler: Kavram, strateji ve uygulama. Der Yayınları.
  • Reber, H. B., & Kim, J. K. (2006). How activist groups use websites in media relations: Evaluating online press rooms. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(4), 313-333.
  • SCImago. (2021, Nisan). Scimago Journal & Country Rank. https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=public+relations
  • Seo, H., Kim, J. Y., & Yang, S.-U. (2009). Global activism and new media: A study of transnational ngo's online public relations. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 123-126.
  • Smith, M. F. (2013). Activism. R. L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public relations (s. 6-8). Sage Publications.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J. (2013). Online power resource management: Activist resource mobilization, communication strategy, and organizational structure. Journal of Public Relations Research, 25(4), 347-367.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J., & Yang, A. (2017). Relationship networks as strategic issues management: An issue-stage framework of social movement organization network strategies. Public Relations Review, 43(4), 829-839.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J., Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2012). Activist practitioner perspectives of website public relations: Why aren't activist websites fulfilling the diologic promise? Public Relations Review, 38(2), 303-312.
  • Stokes, A. Q., & Atkins-Sayre, W. (2018). PETA, rherotical fracture, and the power of digital activism. Public Relations Inquiry, 7(2), 149-170.
  • Tapscott, D., & Ticoll, D. (2003). The naked corporations: How the age of transparency will revolutionize business. Free Press.
  • Uysal, N., & Yang, A. (2013). The power of activist networks in the mass self-communication era: A triangulation study of the impact of wikileaks on the stock value of Bank of America. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 459-469.
  • Vardeman, J., & Sebesta, A. (2020). The problem of intersectionality as an approach to digital activism: The women's march on washington's attempt to unite all women. Journal of Public Relations Research, 32(1-2), 7-29.
  • Veil, S. R., Reno, J., Freihaut, R., & Oldham, J. (2015). Online activists vs. Kraft Foods: A case of social media hijacking. Publlic Relations Review, 41(1), 103-108.
  • Vercic, D., Grunig, J. E., & Grunig, L. A. (1996). Global and specific principles of public relations: Evidence from Slovenia. H. M. Culbertson, & N. Chen (Ed.), International public relations: A comparative analysis (s. 31-65). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Vercic, D., Vercic, A. T., & Sriramesh, K. (2015). Looking for digital in public relations. Public Relations Review, 41(2), 142-152.
  • Victor, L. (2008). Systematic reviewing. Social Research Update, 54(Summer), 1-4.
  • Wakefield, R. I. (2007). Theory of international public relations, the internet, and activism: A personal reflection. Journal of Public Relations Research, 20(1), 138-157.
  • Williams, R. (2008). Eylemsellik ve halkla ilişkiler. S. Yıldırım Becerikli (Ed.), Ve halkla ilişkiler (s. 437-448). Karınca.
  • Xiong, Y., Cho, M., & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of twitter during the #metoo movement. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 10-23.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Relations
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Emine Gülal Şahin 0000-0001-9210-6256

Project Number TUBİTAK 2211-A Genel Yurt İçi Doktora Burs Programı
Publication Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gülal Şahin, E. (2021). Dijitalleşme Çağında Aktivist Halkla İlişkiler: Uluslararası Literatür Üzerine Bir Analiz. Uluslararası Medya Ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi, 4(2), 108-138. https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.1004598