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An Observation on Othering of 65+ Group During The First Phase of Covid-19 Pandemic

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 48 - 67, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.990608

Abstract

The increasing media consumption by the development of digital media platforms brought many disadvantages besides its incompatible advantages. Raising discussion was if the social media context consumption affects the societies’ reality perception and feedback attitudes. By the explosion Covid- 19 pandemic, these disadvantages came to the exposed surface of the public sphere with tearing the substantial hatred discourse at various topics. Although the effect of media on hatred discourse is not a new issue of the studies, lack of social media literacy of news writers and social media users caused to increase misinformation, social reactions and othering of some parts of society. One of these group was 65 + years during the first phase of Covid-19 pandemic. There were many different claims and misinformation spread about 65+ years group during the first phase of Covid-19 break. Within scope, the paper aims to analyse socially othering of 65 + years group during the pandemic by the effect of news corporations frame and social media user’s posts. In this aim, Twitter posts shared by main media accounts and Twitter comments shared by users about 65 + years group are collected to monitor and examine for exploring understanding the effect of news framing and the types of visual and textual language that caused othering of 65 + years group from the society. The scope guided us to observe shared hatred discourse that may indirectly influence exclusion of 65+ years from society. The study aims to contribute to the pandemic crisis period with a case study from a different perspective in Turkey.

References

  • Altın, Z. (2020). Elderly People in Covid-19 Break, Journal of Tepecik Eğitim and Araştırma Hospital (30), 49-57, doi: 10.5222/terh.2020.93723
  • Arun, Ö. (2021). Aging in crisis periods, the elders of Turkey during Covid-19 and ageism. Journal of Ageism Studies, 4, 1-2, doi: 10.24876/senex.2021.27
  • Baranseli, E.S., Kaya S., K. & Şen, M. (2016). A research on examining the interfaces experience of 60 plus social media users (60 yaş üstü sosyal medya kullanıcılarının arayüz deneyimlerinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma). Anadolu University Art and Design Journal, 226-248. doi: 10.20488/sanattasarim.530160.
  • Barbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Bretz, T. H. (2016). But who we? Derrida on non-human others. (Dissertation). Illionis, Loyola University Chicago, retrieved from: https://ecommons.luc.edu, (28 Feb 2021).
  • Buz, S. (2015). Ageism discrimination against older individuals. Electronic journal of Social Science, 14(53), 268-278, doi: 10.17755/esosder.89453
  • Creel, A.H., Rimal, R.N., Mkandawire, G., Böse, K. and Brown, J.W. (2011). Effects of a mass media intervention on HIV related stigma: Radio Diaries program in Malawi. Health Education Research, 26(3), 456-455, doi:10.1093/her/cyr012
  • Collinson, S. & Heffernan, J.M. (2014). Modelling the effects of media during an influenza epidemic, BMC Public Health, 14(1), 376, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-376.
  • Coronavirus Perception Research Report, Habitus Social Impact Association (March, April 2020), retrieved in 20 Dec 2020, from http://habitussosyaletki.org/raporlar/korona_v01.pdf.,
  • Coronavirus report: media consumption and spor. (April 2020). Global Web Index. Retrieved in 12 March 2021, from www.globalwebindex.com, Covid-19: your voices against stigma and discrimination. UNICEF (2020), retrieved in 20 August 2020, from voicesofyouth.org.
  • Ellis, K. (2008). Beyond the aww factor human interest profiles of Paralympians and the media navigation of physical difference and social stigma. Asia Pacific Media Educator, (19), 23-35. Retrieved in 20 Dec 2020, from core.ac.uk
  • Ezell, J.M., Suzan, W., Friedman, S.R., Rebecca, B., Jenkins, W.D., Schneider, J., Link, B. and Pho, M.T. (2020). Stigmatize the use, not the user? Attitudes on opioid use, drug injection, treatment, and overdose prevention in rural communities. Social Science Med, 268(113470), doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113470
  • Films Media Group. (2019). Battle of social networks. Films on Demand. Retrieved in 3 Sep 2020, from https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=276509&xtid=189751.
  • Gannon, K., Glover, L.& Abel, P. (2004). Masculinity, infertility, stigma and media reports. Social Science and Medicine, 59(6), 1169-1175, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.015
  • Geçer, E. (2020). TRT Akademi Infodemic Survey, TRT Akademi, https://trtakademi.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TRT-Akademi-Infodemi-Arastirmasi-Raporu.pdf
  • Geldenhuys, K. (2020). Disinformation spreads faster than the real threat, Safety and Secure Magazine, 113(6), retrieved in 1 May 2021, https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1dbe60c037
  • Habermas, J. (2007). The transformation of public sphere. Tanıl Bora, Mithat Sancar (trans.) İletişim Publishing: İstanbul.
  • Meisner, B., A. (2020). Are you ok, boomer? Intensification of ageism and intergenerational tensions on social media amid COVID-19, Leisure Sciences, doi: 10.1080/01490400.2020.1773983.
  • Newberry, L. (2020). The pandemic has amplified ageism. ‘It’s open season for discrimination’ against older adults. Los Angeles Times, (2020 1 May). retrieved from: https://www.latimes.com
  • Özdemir, E., K. (2019). The power of the Twitter to create the agenda in traditional media as a social media network: an analysis of newspapers news. Journal of International Social Research, 12(67), 915-928, doi: 10.17719/jisr.2019.3780
  • Person, B., Sy, F., Holton, K., Govert, B., Liang, A., Garza, B., Gould, D., Hickson, M., McDonald, M., Meijer, C., Smith, J., Veto,L. Williams, W., Zauderer, L., and the NCIDSARS Community Outreach Team. (2004). Fear and stigma: the epidemic within the SARS outbreak. Emerging infectious diseases, 10(2), 358-363, doi:10.3201/eid1002.030750.
  • Population- specific HIV/ AIDS status report: Women, Toronto (2012). Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved from: www.canada.ca/public-health/services/hiv-aids Reintjes, R., Das, E., Klemm, C. Richardus, J., H., Kessler, V. & Ahmad, A. (2016). Pandemic public health paradox time series analysis of the H1N1epidemiology, media attention, risk perception and public reactions in 5 European countries, Plos One, 11(3), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151258.
  • Rodrigez, M.G., Leskovec, J. and Schölkopf, B. (2013). Structure and dynamics of information pathways in online media. 6th International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2013), Rome, Italy
  • Sotomayor, J.M.R, Moreno, G.C. & Celis, P. S. E. (2020). Coronavirus, ageism and Twitter: an evaluation of tweets about olders adults and Covid-19, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,68 (8), 1661-1665, doi:10.111/jgs.16508.
  • Tosun, G. (2013). Examination of postgraduate theses on twitter journalism. Etkileşim Journal, 6, 10-35, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.73
  • Turan, H. (2017). Violence on Social Media: the experience of other and me in scope of sense. (Sosyal medyada şiddet: sağduyunun yitiminde başkalık ve kendilik deneyimleri). Marmara University Journal of Communication, (27), 121-133.
  • UNESCO. (2018). Journalism, fake news and disinformation. France: UNESCO. retrieved from: en.unesco.org, (20 May 2020).
  • UNAIDS. (2003). Stigma and discrimination fact sheet. Geneva: UNAIDS.
  • We are Social. (2020). Digital in 2020. Hootsuite. (22 Jan, 2020). Retrivied from: https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020
  • Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. and Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true of false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146-1151, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9559The spread of true and false news online

Covid-19'un İlk Döneminde 65+ Yaş Grubunun Ötekileştirilmesi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 48 - 67, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.990608

Abstract

Dijital medya platformlarının gelişmesiyle artan medya tüketimi,tartışmasız avantajlarının yanısıra birçok dezavantaja da yol açmıştır. Artan sosyal medya tüketiminin, toplumların gerçeklik algısı ve geribildirimlerini ne şekilde etkilediği şiddetlenen tartışma konularından biridir. Covid-19 salgını bu dezavantajların şiddetlenerek kamusal alanın yüzeyine çıkmasına ve çeşitli konularda ötekileştirme, dışlama ve nefret söyleminin yayılmasına yol açmıştır. Medyanın nefret söylemine yol açmadaki etkisi yeni bir tartışma olmasa da, haber hazırlayanların sosyal medya okuryazarlığındaki yetersizlikler ve sosyal media kullanıcıları mezenformasyonun, sosyal tepkilerin ve toplumun bazı kesimlerini ötekileştiren dil kullanımının artışına yol açmıştır. Covid-19 salgılını döneminde bu duruma maruz kalan gruplardan biri ise 65 yaş ve üzeri kişilerdir. Covid-19 felaketi ile birlikte 65 yaşa ve üzeri gruplara yönelik bir çok iddia ve kötü bilgi yayılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, haber kuruluşların haber çerçeveleri ve sosyal medya kullanıcılarının paylaşımlarının etkisiyle 65 yaş ve üzeri grupların ötekileştirilmesini analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, 65 yaş ve üzeri kişilere yönelik Twitter üzerinden paylaşılan yorum ve içerikler toplanarak, görsel ve yazılı dil üzerinden ne tip haberlerin çerçevelendiği ve sosyal medya kullanıcılarının paylaşımlarında bu dilin nasıl etkili olduğunun anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, 65 yaş ve üzeri kişilerin dışlanmasına yol açan içeriklerin paylaşıldığı ve bu içeriklerde medyanın etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma, Covid-19 dönemine gerek iletişim gerekse yaşcılık çalışmaları açısından bir nitel gözlem sunarak katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Altın, Z. (2020). Elderly People in Covid-19 Break, Journal of Tepecik Eğitim and Araştırma Hospital (30), 49-57, doi: 10.5222/terh.2020.93723
  • Arun, Ö. (2021). Aging in crisis periods, the elders of Turkey during Covid-19 and ageism. Journal of Ageism Studies, 4, 1-2, doi: 10.24876/senex.2021.27
  • Baranseli, E.S., Kaya S., K. & Şen, M. (2016). A research on examining the interfaces experience of 60 plus social media users (60 yaş üstü sosyal medya kullanıcılarının arayüz deneyimlerinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma). Anadolu University Art and Design Journal, 226-248. doi: 10.20488/sanattasarim.530160.
  • Barbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Bretz, T. H. (2016). But who we? Derrida on non-human others. (Dissertation). Illionis, Loyola University Chicago, retrieved from: https://ecommons.luc.edu, (28 Feb 2021).
  • Buz, S. (2015). Ageism discrimination against older individuals. Electronic journal of Social Science, 14(53), 268-278, doi: 10.17755/esosder.89453
  • Creel, A.H., Rimal, R.N., Mkandawire, G., Böse, K. and Brown, J.W. (2011). Effects of a mass media intervention on HIV related stigma: Radio Diaries program in Malawi. Health Education Research, 26(3), 456-455, doi:10.1093/her/cyr012
  • Collinson, S. & Heffernan, J.M. (2014). Modelling the effects of media during an influenza epidemic, BMC Public Health, 14(1), 376, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-376.
  • Coronavirus Perception Research Report, Habitus Social Impact Association (March, April 2020), retrieved in 20 Dec 2020, from http://habitussosyaletki.org/raporlar/korona_v01.pdf.,
  • Coronavirus report: media consumption and spor. (April 2020). Global Web Index. Retrieved in 12 March 2021, from www.globalwebindex.com, Covid-19: your voices against stigma and discrimination. UNICEF (2020), retrieved in 20 August 2020, from voicesofyouth.org.
  • Ellis, K. (2008). Beyond the aww factor human interest profiles of Paralympians and the media navigation of physical difference and social stigma. Asia Pacific Media Educator, (19), 23-35. Retrieved in 20 Dec 2020, from core.ac.uk
  • Ezell, J.M., Suzan, W., Friedman, S.R., Rebecca, B., Jenkins, W.D., Schneider, J., Link, B. and Pho, M.T. (2020). Stigmatize the use, not the user? Attitudes on opioid use, drug injection, treatment, and overdose prevention in rural communities. Social Science Med, 268(113470), doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113470
  • Films Media Group. (2019). Battle of social networks. Films on Demand. Retrieved in 3 Sep 2020, from https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=276509&xtid=189751.
  • Gannon, K., Glover, L.& Abel, P. (2004). Masculinity, infertility, stigma and media reports. Social Science and Medicine, 59(6), 1169-1175, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.015
  • Geçer, E. (2020). TRT Akademi Infodemic Survey, TRT Akademi, https://trtakademi.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TRT-Akademi-Infodemi-Arastirmasi-Raporu.pdf
  • Geldenhuys, K. (2020). Disinformation spreads faster than the real threat, Safety and Secure Magazine, 113(6), retrieved in 1 May 2021, https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1dbe60c037
  • Habermas, J. (2007). The transformation of public sphere. Tanıl Bora, Mithat Sancar (trans.) İletişim Publishing: İstanbul.
  • Meisner, B., A. (2020). Are you ok, boomer? Intensification of ageism and intergenerational tensions on social media amid COVID-19, Leisure Sciences, doi: 10.1080/01490400.2020.1773983.
  • Newberry, L. (2020). The pandemic has amplified ageism. ‘It’s open season for discrimination’ against older adults. Los Angeles Times, (2020 1 May). retrieved from: https://www.latimes.com
  • Özdemir, E., K. (2019). The power of the Twitter to create the agenda in traditional media as a social media network: an analysis of newspapers news. Journal of International Social Research, 12(67), 915-928, doi: 10.17719/jisr.2019.3780
  • Person, B., Sy, F., Holton, K., Govert, B., Liang, A., Garza, B., Gould, D., Hickson, M., McDonald, M., Meijer, C., Smith, J., Veto,L. Williams, W., Zauderer, L., and the NCIDSARS Community Outreach Team. (2004). Fear and stigma: the epidemic within the SARS outbreak. Emerging infectious diseases, 10(2), 358-363, doi:10.3201/eid1002.030750.
  • Population- specific HIV/ AIDS status report: Women, Toronto (2012). Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved from: www.canada.ca/public-health/services/hiv-aids Reintjes, R., Das, E., Klemm, C. Richardus, J., H., Kessler, V. & Ahmad, A. (2016). Pandemic public health paradox time series analysis of the H1N1epidemiology, media attention, risk perception and public reactions in 5 European countries, Plos One, 11(3), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151258.
  • Rodrigez, M.G., Leskovec, J. and Schölkopf, B. (2013). Structure and dynamics of information pathways in online media. 6th International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2013), Rome, Italy
  • Sotomayor, J.M.R, Moreno, G.C. & Celis, P. S. E. (2020). Coronavirus, ageism and Twitter: an evaluation of tweets about olders adults and Covid-19, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,68 (8), 1661-1665, doi:10.111/jgs.16508.
  • Tosun, G. (2013). Examination of postgraduate theses on twitter journalism. Etkileşim Journal, 6, 10-35, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.73
  • Turan, H. (2017). Violence on Social Media: the experience of other and me in scope of sense. (Sosyal medyada şiddet: sağduyunun yitiminde başkalık ve kendilik deneyimleri). Marmara University Journal of Communication, (27), 121-133.
  • UNESCO. (2018). Journalism, fake news and disinformation. France: UNESCO. retrieved from: en.unesco.org, (20 May 2020).
  • UNAIDS. (2003). Stigma and discrimination fact sheet. Geneva: UNAIDS.
  • We are Social. (2020). Digital in 2020. Hootsuite. (22 Jan, 2020). Retrivied from: https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020
  • Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. and Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true of false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146-1151, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9559The spread of true and false news online
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Zeynep Genel 0000-0002-3140-0053

Batuhan Özuğurlu 0000-0001-8086-6100

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Genel, Z., & Özuğurlu, B. (2021). An Observation on Othering of 65+ Group During The First Phase of Covid-19 Pandemic. Uluslararası Medya Ve İletişim Araştırmaları Hakemli Dergisi, 4(2), 48-67. https://doi.org/10.33464/mediaj.990608