Hibrit domates genotipleri yüksek verim ve kaliteye ulaşmak için yeterli midir?

Abstract

Genetik kapasite ve üretim uygulamaları bitkilerin verim ve meyve kalite kriterlerini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hibrit domates çeşitlerinin ve üreticilerin verim ve kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri belirlemektir. Bitki materyali olarak 5 ticari hibrit domates çeşidi kullanılmıştır (Yeliz, Lamia, 7806, Asil ve Mira). Bitkiler Antalya, Türkiye’ de 12 farklı üretici serasında 2013-2014’de güzlük üretim sezonunda (ağustos-mart) yetiştirilmiştir. Hem çeşit hem de üretici etkisi önemli bulunuştur (p<0.05). Üretici faktörünün incelenen tüm kriterlerdeki, maksimum farklar ortalaması çeşit faktörünün yaklaşık 2 katı olarak (% 14.1 ve % 28.2) gerçekleşmiştir. Üreticiler arasında bazı hibrit çeşitler düşük varyasyon ile yüksek adaptasyon göstermiştir. Çeşitlerin verimini en üst düzeye çıkarmak için, tohum şirketleri üreticilere hibrit domateslerin çok özel gereksinimleri konusunda tavsiyeler vermelidir. Aksi durumda, üreticiler çeşidin performansından memnun olmayarak ve yeni bir çeşit için çeşitlerini değiştirme eğilimindedirler. Islah ve pazarlama şirketleri, domates ürünlerinin verim ve kalite kayıplarını en aza indirgemek için üreticileri eğitmelidir.

Keywords

• Domates,Performans,Üretici,Sera,Çevresel varyasyon

Are genotypes of hybrid tomato adequate to getting high yield and quality?

Abstract

Genetic capacity and production practices determine yield and quality of crops. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hybrid tomato cultivars and producers on the yield and quality. The plant materials included five commercial tomato hybrids (Yeliz, Lamia, 7806, Asil and Mira). The plants were grown in 12 different greenhouses, managed by individual farmers, in Antalya, Turkey, in the fall growing season of 2013-2014 (August to March). Both the cultivar and producer effects were significant (p<0.05). Of all the fruit yield and quality measurements, the maximum mean differences due to producers were twice as much to that of cultivars (28.2% and 14.1%). Some of the hybrids showed higher adaptations as represented by lower variation among producers. In order to maximize the yield of a given cultivar, seed companies need to advise producers on the specific requirements of the hybrid. Otherwise, producers are not satisfied with the cultivar's performance and tend to change to a new cultivar. Breeding and marketing companies should train producers to minimize yield and quality losses in tomato as well.

Keywords

• Tomato,Performance,Producer,Greenhouse,Environmental variation

References

1. Budak Z, Erdal İ (2016) Effect of foliar calcium application on yield and mineral nutrition of tomato cultivars under greenhouse condition Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 4(1): 1-10.
2. Cemeroğlu B, Yemencioğlu A, Özhan M (2007) Food Analysis Book. Our Group Printery, Ankara, Turkey, 45-84.
3. Cemeroğlu B, Yemenicioğlu A, Özkan M (2009) Composition of Fruits and Vegetables, Fruit and Vegetable Processing Technology. Food Technology Association Publications Ankara, 728.
4. Dar AR, Sharma JP (2011) Genetic variability studies of yield and quality traits in tomato. Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 5: 168-174.
5. Dogan A, Selcuk N, Erkan M (2016) Comparison of pesticide-free and conventional production systems on postharvest quality and nutritional parameters of peppers in different storage conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 207: 104-116.
6. Gomez R, Costa J, Amo M, Alvarruiz A, Picazo, M, Pardo JE (2001) Physicochemical and colorimetric evaluation of local varieties of tomato grown in SE Spain. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture 81: 1105-1105.
7. Gawad GA, Arslan A, Gaihbe A, Kadouri F (2005) The effects of saline irrigation water management and salt tolerant tomato varieties on sustainable production of tomato in Syria. Agricultural Water Management 78: 39–53.
8. Helyes L, Lugası A, Daood HG, Pek Z (2014) The simultaneous effect of water supply and genotype on yield quantity, antioxidants content and composition of processing tomatoes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici 42(1): 143-149.

9. Hussain SI, Khokhar KM, Mahmood T, Laghari MH, Mahmud MM (2001) Yield potential of some exotic and local tomato cultivars grown for summer production. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4: 1215-1216.
10. Jones JB (2008) Tomato Plant Culture in The Field, Greenhouse, and Home Garden, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 339.
11. Krauss S, Schnitzler WH, Grassmann J, Woitke M (2006) The influence of different EC values in a simplified soilless system on inner and outer fruit quality characteristics of tomato. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54: 441-448.
12. Lenucci MS, Cadinu D, Taurino M, Piro G, Dalessandro G (2006) Antioxidant composition in cherry and high-pigment tomato cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54: 2606-2613.
13. Martinez-Valverde I, Periago MJ, Provan G, Chesson A (2002) Phenolic compounds, lycopene and antioxidant activity in commercial varieties of tomato. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture 82: 323-330.
14. McGuire RG (1992) Reporting of Objective Color Measurements. HortScience, 1254-1255.
15. Rehman F, Khan S, Aridullah F (2000) Performance of different tomato cultivars under the climatic conditions of northern areas. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3: 833-835.
16. Sacks EJ, Francis DM (2001) Genetic and environmental variation for tomato flesh color in a population of modern breeding lines. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126: 221-226.
17. Satesh K, Sharma JP, Singh AK, Tiwari SP, Neerrja S (2007) Harvest index, quality and morpho-meterical evaluation for identification of superior types in tomato. Journal of Environment and Ecology 25: 339-402.
18. Selçuk N, Erkan M (2015) The effects of modified and palliflex controlled atmosphere storage on postharvest quality and composition of ‘Istanbul’ medlar fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 99: 9-19.
19. Sharma JP, Singh AK, Satesh K, Sanjeev K (2009) Identification of traits for ideotype selection in tomato. Mysore. Journal of Agricultural Science 43: 222-226.
20. Thompson KA, Marshall M, Sims CA, Wei CI, Sargent SA, Scott JW (2000) Cultivar maturity and heat treatment on lycopene content in tomatoes. Journal of Food Science 65: 791-795.
21. Tigist M, Workneh TS, Woldetsadik K (2013) Effects of variety on the quality of tomato stored under ambient conditions. Journal Food Science Technology 50(3): 477–486.
22. Topcu Y, Dogan A, Kasimoglu Z, Sahin-Nadeem H, Polat E, Erkan M (2015) The effects of UV radiation during the vegetative period on antioxidant compounds and postharvest quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 93: 56-65.
23. Wold AB, Rosenfeld HJ, Holte K, Baugerod H, Haffner K (2004) Colour of post-harvest ripened and vine ripened tomatoes as related to total antioxidant capacity and chemical composition. International Journal of Food Science &Technology 39: 295-302.
24. Zorzoli R, Pratta GR, Picardi LA (2000) Genetic variability fort the tomato fruits shelf-life and weight in F3 families derived from a interspesific hybrid. Pesq Agropec Bras 35: 2423-2427.
25. Zaller JG (2007) Vermicompost in seedling potting media can affect germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. European Journal of Soil Biology 43: 332-336.