Investigation of heterosis, heritability and genetic effects for physiological and quality traits in different developmental stages of specialty maize genotypes

Year 2017, , 253 - 260, 01.12.2017

Fatih Kahrıman , Cem Ömer Egesel

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.360000

Abstract

Maize is one of the most important model crops used in genetic research. Although there are numerous studies regarding the heritability of various traits in maize, such studies are rather limited on specialty maize genotypes. This study focuses on the heritability of some agronomic, physiological, and quality traits in specialty (high oil, high protein) maize. Data were collected on the 40^th, 60^th, 82^th, 100^th, and 122^th days from the planting for 13 agronomic, 9 physiological, and 7 quality traits in a 2-year study (2011 and 2012). Additive + Dominance model of the Adjusted Unbiased Prediction method was utilized to analyze the data. For each trait, heterosis and heritability values were computed based on vegetative stages and the variation of these values were investigated. The gene effects inducing heterosis were shown with polar graphics. The results indicated that heterosis and heritability values varied based on trait groups during vegetation period. High (>50%) and positive heterosis values were common for agronomic and physiological traits. Grain protein, carbohydrate and oil contents yielded positive heterosis for some sampling stages. The analyses of the gene effects causing heterosis showed that overdominance effects played a major role on agronomic and physiological traits, while the heterosis for quality traits were mainly under the control of dominance and additive gene effects. High oil and high protein maize genotypes had differences for heterosis, heritability and gene effect computations for some traits. It was understood that heterosis for some traits showed changes in different growth stages.

Keywords

Genetic analyses, Dominance gene effect, Additive gene effects, Variation

Özel tip mısır genotiplerinin farklı gelişme dönemlerinde fizyolojik özellikler ile kalite özellikleri için heterosis, kalıtım derecesi ve gen etkilerinin incelenmesi

Abstract

Mısır bitkisi genetik araştırmalarda kullanılan en
önemli model bitkilerden birisidir. Normal tane yapısına sahip mısır
genotiplerinde çeşitli özelliklerin kalıtımını konu edinen çok sayıda araştırma
bulunmasına karşın, özel tip mısır genotiplerinde bu araştırmalar sınırlı
düzeyde kalmıştır. Bu çalışma özel tip (yüksek yağlı, yüksek proteinli) mısır
genotiplerinde bazı agronomik, fizyolojik ve kalite özelliklerinin kalıtımını
konu edinmektedir. İki yıllık (2011 ve 2012) olarak yürütülen araştırmada
ekimden itibaren 40., 60., 82., 100 ve 122. günlerde 13 agronomik, 9 fizyolojik
ve 7 kalite özelliği olmak üzere toplam 29 özellik incelenmiştir. Elde edilen
veriler Düzeltilmiş Sapmasız Hesaplama (Adjusted Unbiased Prediction)
yöntemiyle eklemeli ve dominans model (Additive + Dominance) kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir. Her bir özellik için vejetasyon evrelerine göre heterosis,
kalıtım dereceleri hesaplanarak bu hesaplamalardaki değişim incelenmiştir.
Ayrıca heterosise neden olan gen etkileri polar grafik yöntemi ile gösterilmiştir.
Araştırma bulguları heterosis ve kalıtım derecesinin vejetasyon süresinde
özellik gruplarına göre değişim gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bitkisel
özellikler ve fizyolojik özelliklerin büyük kısmında pozitif yönde ve yüksek
derecede heterosis (>%50) olduğu saptanmıştır. Tane protein, karbonhidrat ve
yağ içeriğinde de bazı örnekleme tarihlerinde pozitif yönde heterosis olduğu
belirlenmiştir. İncelenen özelliklerden 18’inde kalıtım derecesi yüksek
bulunmuştur. Heterosise neden olan gen etkilerine ilişkin analizler, bitkisel
özellikler ile fizyolojik özelliklerin çoğunda üstün dominans gen etkilerinin
rol oynadığını, kalite özelliklerinde ise heterosisin dominant ve eklemeli gen
etkileriyle ortaya çıktığını göstermiştir. Yüksek yağlı ve yüksek proteinli
mısır genotipleri arasında bazı özellikler için heterosis ve kalıtım derecesi
ile gen etki hesaplamalarında farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca
incelenen bazı özelliklerle ilgili heterosisin farklı gelişim evrelerinde
değişim gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Genetik analizler, Dominans gen etkisi, Eklemeli gen etkisi, Varyasyon

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