Bazı dormansi kırma metotlarının jütün (Corchorus olitorius L.) çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Corchorus olitorius L. ılıman ve tropik bölgelerde yetişen tek yıllık bir bitkidir. Bu türün ılıman iklime sahip bazı ülkelerde kültürü yapılsa da yazlık kültür bitkileri içerisinde yabancı ot olarak probleme neden olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Jüt tohumları uygun koşullarda dahi çimlenmeye karsı bir direnç göstermektedir. Bu durum, bu türle yapılan çalışmalarda ve kültür bitkisi olarak üretiminde çiftçiler için zorluğa neden olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, yabancı ot yönetimi açısından, topraktaki tohum bankasını azaltmak amacıyla dormansiyi ortadan kaldıran metotların bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada C. olitorius tohumlarında görülen dormansinin kırılması için yapılan bazı ön uygulamaların etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, tohumlara, mekanik aşındırma, saf suda bekletme (2 ve 6 saat), sülfürik asit (% 98; 5, 10 ve 15 dakika), gibberellik asit (200, 400 and 600 ppm) ve mikrodalga (kuru, ıslak ve nemli tohumlara 30 ve 60 saniye) uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Ön uygulama yapılan tohumlar 30 °C’ye ayarlı inkübatörlerde çimlenmeye bırakılmış ve 10 gün boyunca çimlenen tohumlar kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kontrol grubundaki tohumların çimlenme oranı %4 seviyesinde kalmıştır. En yüksek çimlenme oranı (% 88) tohum kabuğunun zımparalanarak mekanik olarak aşındırılması yönteminden elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, bu türdeki dormansinin nedeninin kalın tohum kabuğundan kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Zımparalama dışındaki diğer uygulamalar kontrolden çok farklı bulunmamıştır. Zımparalama yöntemi, bu türle yürütülecek bilimsel araştırmalar için kolay ve risksiz bir yöntemdir. Ayrıca üreticiler bu yöntemle ektikleri tohumlardan maksimum düzeyde çimlenme elde edebileceklerdir.

Keywords

• Çimlenme durgunluğu,Teşvik edilmiş çimlenme,Zımparalama,Mekanik aşındırma

Effects of some dormancy breaking methods on germination of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Abstract

Corchorus olitorius L. is an annual plant that grows in temperate and tropical regions. Although this species is cultivated in some countries, in temperate regions, it is observed that it causes problems as a weed in summer crops. Jute shows resistance to germination even in favorable conditions. This situation is an obstruction for studies with this species, and cultivation process for farmers. On the other hand, in weed management, it is important to know the methods for removing dormancy to reduce the seed bank in the soil. In this study, the effect of some preliminary treatments to reduce dormancy in C. olitorius seeds was investigated. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to mechanical scarification, soaking in pure water (2 and 6 hours), application of sulfuric acid (98%; 5, 10 and 15 minutes), gibberellic acid (200, 400 and 600 ppm)  and microwave applications (30 and 60 second durations of dry, wet and afloat seeds). Pre-applied seeds were left to germinate in incubators set at 30 °C and germinated seeds were recorded for 10 days. As a result, the germination rate of the seeds in the control group remained at 4%. The highest germination rate (88%) was obtained from the mechanical abrasion of seed coat by sanding. This result suggests that inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Other applications except sanding were not much different from the control. Sanding is an easy and risk-free method for scientific research to be carried out with the related species, and the farmers can obtain maximum germination from the seeds of jute by this method.

Keywords

• Germination inactivity,Induced germination,Sanding,Mechanical scarification

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