Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of 2-chloropyridine using Allium cepa ana-telophase and comet test

Abstract

2-Chloropyridine (2-CPY) is an important precursor of cosmetics, pesticides and other pharmaceutical products and it is also defined as trace chemical in industrial wastewater as the products of the metabolites of agricultural chemical products and river pollutants. In this study, the effects of 2-CPY on mitotic index (MI), mitotic phase frequencies, chromosome aberrations (CAs) and DNA damage in Allium cepa root cells were investigated with Allium ana-telophase and comet assay. Concentrations of 0.5xEC₅₀ (25 ppm), EC₅₀ (50 ppm) and 2xEC₅₀ (100 ppm) of 2-CPY, Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS-10 ppm, positive control) and distilled water (negative control) were applied to A. cepa roots for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. 2-CPY showed a cytotoxic effect by reducing root growth and MI, but also showed genotoxic effect by increasing CAs (disturbed ana-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, bridges and polyploidy) and DNA damage at substantial levels. The amount of 2-CPY was shown to be increased statistically in both duration and dose by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 2-CPY should be used carefully and investigated its cyto-genotoxic effects with other toxicology test systems.

Keywords

• 2-Chloropyridine,Allium cepa ana-telophase test,Comet assay,Chromosome aberrations

2-Kloropiridin’in Allium cepa ana-telofaz ve komet testi kullanılarak sitotoksik ve genotoksik değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

2-Kloropiridin (2-KP) kozmetiklerin, böcek ilaçlarının ve diğer farmasötik ürünlerin önemli bir öncüsüdür ve aynı zamanda endüstriyel atık sulardaki tarımsal kimyasal ürünlerin ve nehir kirleticilerin metabolitlerinin ürünleri olarak iz kimyasal olarak da tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Allium cepa kök hücrelerinde 2-KP'nin mitotik indeks (MI), mitotik faz frekansları, kromozom sapmaları (KA) ve DNA hasarı üzerine etkileri Allium ana-telofaz ve komet testi ile araştırılmıştır. A. cepa köklerine 0.5xEC₅₀ (25 ppm), EC₅₀ (50 ppm) ve 2xEC₅₀ (100 ppm) 2-KP, Metil metansülfonat (MMS-10 ppm, pozitif kontrol) ve distile su (negatif kontrol) konsantrasyonları A. cepa köklerine 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat boyunca uygulandı. 2-KP, kök büyümesini ve MI'yi azaltarak sitotoksik bir etki göstermişken KA'ları (bozulmuş ana-telofaz, kromozom kalgınları, yapışkanlık, köprü ve poliploidi) ve DNA hasarını önemli seviyelerde arttırarak genotoksik etki gösterdi. Sıvı kromatografi tandem kütle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) ile 2-KP miktarının hem süre hem de doza bağlı istatistiksel olarak arttığı gösterilmiştir. 2-KP dikkatli kullanılmalı ve sito-genotoksik etkilerini diğer toksikoloji test sistemleri ile araştırmalıdır.

Keywords

• 2-Kloropiridin,Allium cepa ana-telofaz testi,Komet testi,Kromozom bozuklukları

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