Bazı tahıl kök salgılarının canavar otlarının (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Canavar otu türleri (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) tüm dünyada en zararlı parazit yabancı ot türleri içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu türler çok sayıda tohum oluşturarak çoğalırlar. Tohumları, çimlenmenin gerçekleşebilmesi için konukçuya özgü kimyasal bir maddeye ihtiyaç duyan karmaşık bir dormansi mekanizmasıyla korunmaktadır. Canavar otu tohumlarının toprakta uzun yıllar canlı kalabildiği görülmektedir. Tuzak bitki kullanımı ile canavar otu tohumlarının çimlenmesi teşvik edilerek topraktaki tohum bankasının azaltılması bu tür yabancı otların mücadelesinde potansiyel bir yöntem olmakla birlikte, bu yaklaşımın pratikte kullanımı oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. Bazı tahıl türlerinin tuzak bitki olarak potansiyelini araştırmak amacıyla bir seri laboratuar denemeleri kurulmuş ve tahıl-canavar otu arasındaki etkileşim ile birlikte, Orobanche/Phelipanche tohum bankasına muhtemel etkisi test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla tahıllardan; buğday, çavdar, arpa, yulaf, mısır, çeltik, darı ve hint darısı, parazit türlerden ise O. crenata, O. cumana ve P. ramosa ‘ya ait çeşitli populasyonlar kullanılmıştır. Bezelye, ayçiçeği ve domates konukçu bitki türü olarak yetiştirilmiştir. Aradaki etkileşimin belirlenebilmesi için tahıllar ve parazit türler çaprazlama olarak eşleştirilmiştir. Canavar otlarının çimlenmesini en fazla mısır bitkisinin teşvik ettiği bulunmuştur. Parazit türler içerisinde ise tahıl kök salgılarının çimlenmeyi en fazla teşvik ettiği tür P. ramosa olarak belirlenmiştir. Mısır çeşitleri ve P. ramosa populasyonları arasındaki interaksiyonlar gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mısır bitkisinin P. ramosa tohumlarının çimlenmesini teşvik ettiğine dair kuvvetli kanıtlar elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Konukçu-parazit ilişkisi,Teşvik edilmiş çimlenme,Tuzak bitki,Sahte konukçu,Parazit yabancı ot kontrolü

Effects of some cereal root exudates on germination of broomrapes (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.)

Abstract

Species of broomrape (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) are among the most damaging parasitic weed species worldwide. These species reproduce through abundant seed production. Their seeds are protected by complex dormancy mechanisms, in particular a need for host-specific chemical germination cues. Broomrape seeds have been shown to remain viable in the soil for many years. While the depletion of the soil seed bank, e.g. using trap crops that induce suicide germination of broomrape seeds, could potentially be a way to control these weeds, the practical uptake of this approach has remained very limited. To explore the potential of an array of cereal species to serve as trap crop, laboratory experiments were conducted to qualitatively check for the existence of cereal-broomrape interactions and to quantify possible effects on Orobanche/Phelipanche seed banks. For this purpose, seeds of the following cereals were used: wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize, rice, sorghum and pearl millet. Several accessions of O. crenata, O. cumana and P. ramosa were used as parasite species. As host species, pea, sunflower and tomato were grown. Cereal and parasite species were crosswise-combined to assess interactions. Maize was found to be most effective in stimulating the germination of the broomrapes. Among the parasite species, P. ramosa proved most ready to germinate in the presence of cereal root exudates. The interaction was observed in various combinations of maize cultivars and P. ramosa accessions. As a result, strong evidence of germination induction in P. ramosa seeds by maize was collected.

Keywords

• Host-parasite interaction,Induced germination,Trap crop,False host,Parasitic weed control

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