Phenotypic characterization of Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance breaking isolate in tomatoes

Abstract

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most important viruses that cause great economic losses in worldwide. Tomatoes including Sw-5 resistance gene control resistance but they have recently been struggling with the virus disease. It was observed that typical symptoms developed on the varieties containing Sw-5 gene in tomato cultivation areas in Antalya province and its districts between 2016-2019 years. These isolates were identified as TSWVAntRB after PCR studies and their host tomato plants were contained the Sw-5 gene in RT-PCR analyses confirming that their symptoms belong to TSWVAntRB isolates. Further, observations revealed that TSWVAntRB isolate had different symptomological characteristics which explaining the differences. Mechanical inoculations with TSWVAntRB isolate on plants were performed with 5 repeats where 4 commercial varieties containing Sw-5 gene, a Solanum peruvianum plant known as resistance source and one susceptible variety were used. Their results revealed that only necrotic spotting occurred in the leaves within the Sw-5 non-resistance breaking (NRB) isolate while typical cyclic spotting presented within the Sw-5 resistance breaking (RB) isolates. Additionally, first symptoms remained hidden until the fruit period and sometimes symptoms obtained on one or two fruits in a bunch. It was found that the severity of the symptoms increased within parallel to air temperature. We have been evaluating TSWVAntRB isolates’ symptomological features in every aspect.

Keywords

• Resistance breaking,Tomato,Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV),Mechanical inoculation,RT-PCR

Domateste Tomato spotted wilt virüs’üne karşı dayanıklılığı kıran izolatının fenotipik karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Domateste lekeli solgunluk virüsü (Tomato spotted wilt virus-TSWV), dünya genelinde ekonomik anlamda büyük kayıplar meydana getiren virüslerden biridir. Son zamanlara kadar domateslerde Sw-5 geni vasıtasıyla bu hastalık ile mücadele edilmekteydi. 2016-2019 yılları arasında Antalya ili ve ilçelerinde domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan seralarda Sw-5 geni barındıran çeşitler üzerinde TSWV’a ait simptomların geliştiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu izolatların PCR çalışmaları ile bitkilerin Sw-5 geni içerdiği ve RT-PCR (Revers-Transkriptaz Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) çalışmaları ile de simptomların TSWV’a ait olduğu doğrulandıktan sonra izolatın ismi TSWVAntRB olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan gözlemlemeler sonucunda TSWVAntRB izolatının farklı simptomolojik karakterlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu farklılıklarının belirlenebilmesi için TSWVAntRB izolatının, bitkiler üzerine mekanik inokulasyonu 5 tekerrürlü olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mekanik inokulasyon çalışmalarında; Sw-5 geni içeren 4 adet ticari çeşit, bir adet dayanıklılık kaynağı olarak bilinen Solanum peruvianum ve bir adet hassas çeşit kullanılmıştır. Sw-5 dayanımını kırmayan (NRB) izolatında şimdiye kadar yaprakta sadece nekrotik lekelenmeler meydana gelirken, Sw-5 dayanımını kıran (RB) izolatında yaprak üzerinde de halkalı lekelenmelerin meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda bazı çeşitler üzerinde ilk simptomlar meyve dönemine kadar gizli kaldığı ve meyve salkımında bazen bir veya iki meyve üzerinde simptomlar meydana getirdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada simptom şiddetinin hava sıcaklığı ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmış ve TSWVAntRB izolatının simptomolojik özellikleri her açıdan incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Dayanıklılığın kırılması,Domates,Domates lekeli lolgunluk virüsü (TSWV),Mekanik inokulasyon,RT-PCR

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