Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at field conditions and mathematical modeling

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity in the heavily structured Arıklı soil series with 37o00'53" N and 35o21'24" S coordinates and to compare the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity measured in the field and laboratory. Water applied to saturate soil plots, which were covered with PE film under free drainage. The soil plots of square shapes had 2×2 m-dimensions. Water content and matric suction of soil with time were monitored by TDR/tensiometer. Arıklı series hydraulic conductivity was calculated as 0.007-0.652 cm hr-1. The mathematical model of soil-water characteristics was developed and models were expressed by exponential functions. When the agreement between K (ϴ)obs observed in field conditions and estimated K (ψ)mod was tested; root mean square error (RMSE) with 0.081 cm hr-1 and mean absolute error (MAE) with 0.053 cm hr-1 was small but the mean relative error (MRE) value had a high error value of 16.5%. The results also revealed that the proposed approach was accurate for predicting K (ϴ)obs in the dry range of soil water content. However, good results were not obtained in saturation. If the soil-water dynamics studies will be carry out, on-site measurements should be made to determine soil hydraulic conductivity.

Keywords

• TDR
• Free drainage method
• Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
• Soil water content

Tarla koşullarında doymamış toprak hidrolik iletkenliğinin belirlenmesi ve matematiksel modellenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 37o00'53'' K ve 35o21'24'' D koordinatlarına sahip ağır bünyeli Arıklı toprak serisinde doygun olmayan toprak hidrolik iletkenliğin belirlenmesi ve arazide yerinde ölçülen ile laboratuvarda ölçülen toprak hidrolik iletkenlik değerlerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Serbest drenaj altında üzeri PE film ile kapatılmış toprak parsellerinin doygun hale getirilmesi için su uygulanmıştır. Toprak parselleri yaklaşık olarak 2×2 m boyutlarında oluşturulmuştur. Toprak su içeriği ve matriks emişin zamanla değişimi TDR ve tansiyometre ile izlenmiştir. Arıklı toprak serisine ilişkin hidrolik iletkenlik değeri 0.007-0.652 cm sa-1 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Toprak-su karakteristiğine ilişkin matematiksel model geliştirilmiş ve model üstel bir fonksiyon ile ifade edilmiştir. Genel olarak, tarla koşullarında gözlemlenen hidrolik iletkenlik K (ϴ)göz ile tahminlenen hidrolik iletkenlik K (ψ)mod arasındaki uyum test edildiğinde; kök ortalama kare hatası (RMSE) 0.081 cm sa-1 ve ortalama mutlak hata (MAE) 0.053 cm sa-1 ile küçük olmakla beraber ortalama göreceli hata (MRE) değeri %16.5 ile yüksek bir hata değerine sahip olmuştur. Sonuçlar ayrıca, önerilen yaklaşımın kuru toprak suyu içeriğindeki K (ϴ)göz tahminlemesinde doğru olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, doygun koşullarda iyi sonuç vermediği gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak toprak su dinamiği çalışmalarında çalışma yapılacaksa, toprak hidrolik iletkenliğinin belirlenmesinde arazide yerinde ölçümlerin yapılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• TDR
• Serbest drenaj yöntemi
• Doygun olmayan hidrolik iletkenlik
• Toprak su içeriği

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