Biochar uygulamalarının marul (Lactuca sativa L.)’un bazı kalite parametreleri ve verimi üzerine etkisi

Abstract

Tarım topraklarının fonksiyonlarının ve bitkisel üretimde gelişimin sağlanması bakımından biochar kullanımı artmaktadır. Ancak Biochar'in bitki gelişimi üzerine etkisi biochar kalitesindeki yüksek çeşitlilikten dolayı farklı olabilir. Bu çalışmada farklı biyokömür uygulamalarının marul gelişimi üzerine etkisi iki farklı yetiştirme döneminde saksı denemesi olarak sera koşullarında belirlenmiştir. Biyokömürler dört farklı tarımsal atıktan [Bağ budama atığı (Vitis vinifera L.), Domates atığı (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Muz Plantasyon atığı (Musa) ve Karanfil atığı (Dianthus caryophyllus. L.)] 300°C ve 500°C sıcaklık değerlerindeki yavaş piroliz işlemiyle elde edilmiş ve toprağa uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 5 tekerrürlü olarak 9 uygulama şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Uygulamalar, kontrol, VB300, TB300, BB300, CB300, VB500, TB500, BB500 ve CB500 uygulamalarını kapsamaktadır. Deneme 4 tarımsal atık × 2 piroliz sıcaklığı × 5 tekerrür + 5 kontrol olmak üzere toplamda 45 uygulama konusundan oluşmaktadır. NPK (18.18.18) ve Kalsiyum Oksit (CaO) temel gübre uygulamaları ile birlikte 10 kg toprak içeren saksılara 2 ton da-1 olacak şekilde (80 g-110kg-1saksı-1) biyokömür uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda, Domates (TB300) ve Muz (BB500) biyokömür uygulamaları sırasıyla %15.2 ve %10.2 oranında olmak üzere marul bitkisinin boyunu önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Biyokömür uygulamalarıyla elde edilen en yüksek marul bitki boyu artışı domates biyokömür uygulaması ile en düşük ise biyokömür uygulanmayan toprakta (kontrol) elde edilmiştir. Verim ve kalite parametreleri açısından biochar uygulamaların etkisi birinci döneme göre ikinci dönemde daha belirgin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada piroliz sıcaklığındaki bir değişikliğin marul gelişimini etkilemediği ortaya çıkmış ve biyokömür uygulamalarının mahsuller üzerindeki daha fazla etkisi için uzun vadeli bir inkübasyon dönemi önerilmiştir.

Keywords

• üretim sezonu
• bitki boyu
• Biochar
• Piroliz

Effect of biochar applications on certain quality parameters and lettuce yield (Lactuca sativa L.)

Abstract

Biochar is increasingly used as an amendment to improve agricultural soil functions and plant growth. However, the effect of biochar application on plant growth can be different due to high variability in the quality of biochar. In this study the effect of different types of biochar application on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was assessed in a pot experiment over two period of cultivation in greenhouse. The biochar were produced from four different feedstocks biomass [Vinyard (Vitis vinifera L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Banana (Musa) and Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus. L.)] by slow pyrolysis at 300°C and 500°C temperatures and were used to amend the soil. The experiment was design in randomized complete block with five replications and 9 treatments. The treatments included the Control, VB300, TB300, BB300, CB300, VB500, TB500, BB500 and CB500. The trial consisted of a total of 45 pots (4 agricultural waste × 2 pyrolysis temperature × 5 replications) + 5 controls). Two (2) tons da-1 (80 g-1 10 kg-1 pot-1) of biochar was applied with a basic application of fertilizers NPK (18-18-18) and calcium oxide (CaO). The biochar treatments were found to increase plant height and number of leaves in the second cropping cycle in comparison to no biochar treatments. The application of Tomato (TB300) and Banana (BB500) biochar significantly increased plant height by 15.2% and 10.2% respectively. The greatest increase due to biochar additions was found in the soils with tomato biochar treatment and the least increase was found in the soils without biochar application (Control). The second cropping season appeared to be better in terms of yield and quality parameters than the first season. As a result, in this study revealed that a variation in the temperature of pyrolysis does not impact lettuce growth, and recommends a long-term incubation period for further effect of biochar applications on crops.

Keywords

• Biochar
• Cropping season
• Pyrolysis
• Plant height

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