Seben Taşlıyayla (Bolu, Türkiye) Göleti Su Kirliliği Parametrelerinin Su Kalitesi İndeksi ve Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler Kullanarak Mekansal ve Zamansal Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 553 - 569, 31.12.2025

Elif Seda Özbek , Ekrem Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.58626/memba.1811577

Abstract

Bu çalışma ile Seben Taşlıyayla (Bolu) Göleti su kalitesinin mekansal ve zamansal değişimlerini tespit etmek ve su kalitesi sınıflarını göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda su örnekleri Mart 2023– Şubat 2024 tarihleri arasında üç istasyondan aylık olarak toplanmış ve analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. 21 fizikokimyasal, 7 ağır metal parametresi incelenerek elde edilen sonuçların SWQR ve WHO standartlarına uygunluğunun tespiti yapılmıştır. Pb+2 ve TA parametreleri standartların üzerinde tespit edilmiş olup su kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Su kütlesinin ana bileşenlerini tespit edebilmek amacıyla temel bileşen analizi (PCA) uygulanmıştır. PCA analizi ile toplam varyansın %92,824’ünü açıklayan beş ana faktör belirlenmiştir. Göletin su kalitesine tarımsal faaliyetlerin, ağır metallerin ve antropojenik faaliyetlerin etki ettiği düşünülmektedir. Kümeleme analizi ile mevsimler iki, 28 parametre ise üç kümeye ayrılmıştır. Sulama suyu kalite parametreleri bakımından SAR “Mükemmel”, % Na açısından “İyi”, MH (>50) “Uygun Olmayan”, KR (<1) “Uygun”, RSC (<1,25) “Güvenli/İyi” olarak tespit edilmiştir. Verilerin yıllık ortalama değerlerine göre hesaplanan WQI değerine göre gölet suyu “mükemmel” olarak belirlenmiştir. Ancak mekânsal ve zamansal değişime dikkat edilmelidir.

Keywords

Seben Taşlıyayla (Bolu) Göleti , Su Kalitesi İndeksi , Sulama Suyu Kalitesi , Temel Bileşenler Analizi , Hiyerarşik Kümeleme Analizi

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada insan veya hayvanlar üzerinde herhangi bir deney yapılmadığından, araştırma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya değerli katkılarından dolayı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü'ne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Water Pollution Parameters in Seben Taşlıyayla (Bolu, Türkiye) Reservoir by Using the Water Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical Methods

Abstract

This study aims to determine the spatial and temporal variations in the water quality of the Seben Taşlıyayla (Bolu) Reservoir and classify its water quality. For this purpose, water samples were taken monthly from three stations between March 2023 and February 2024, and then analyses were conducted; 21 physicochemical and 7 heavy metal parameters were examined, and the compliance of the obtained results with SWQR and WHO standards was tested. The parameters Pb+2 and TA were found to exceed standard limits, restricting water usage. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the main components of the water body. Through PCA, five principal factors were found to explain 92.824% of the total variance. It was determined that agricultural activities, heavy metals, and anthropogenic activities influenced the reservoir’s water quality. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) categorized the seasons into two clusters and the 28 parameters into three clusters. Regarding irrigation water quality parameters, the SAR value was classified as “Excellent,” the % Na as “Good,” the MH (>50) as “Unsuitable,” the KR (<1) as “Suitable,” and the RSC (<1.25) as “Safe/Good.” Considering the Water Quality Index (WQI) calculated using annual mean values, the reservoir water was classified as “Excellent”; however, attention should be paid to spatial and temporal variations.

Keywords

Seben(Taşlıyayla) Bolu Dam , Water Quality Index , Irrigation Water Quality , Principal Component Analysis , Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve any experiments on humans or animals. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required for this research.

Thanks

We would like to express our gratitude to the General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks for their valuable contributions to this study.

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