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Middle School Students’ Audience Awareness in Persuasive Texts

Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 233 - 246, 08.01.2013

Abstract

An important skill for writing is considering target audience, which requires writers to have audience awareness. Audience awareness is particularly crucial in persuasive writing because persuasive narratives require considering opposing ideas target audience have and refute them without dialogic feedback. Considering the importance of audience awareness in persuasive narratives, this study investigated audience awareness of 7th grade students in two classrooms. A total of 30 students participated in the study and each student completed two narratives during the two-week period of the study. Students were assigned different audiences for each narrative topic. Results were compared for mean differences and Mann-Whitney U test was completed to examine the statistical significance of mean differences. Results indicated a statistically significant difference in audience awareness. Further analysis also indicated the importance of a meaningful match between the narrative topics and the assigned audience conditions. The study concludes with implications for teachers and suggestions for future studies.

References

  • Applebee, A. (1981). A study of writing in the secondary school (Final Report, NIE-G-79-0174). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Applebee, A. N., Langer, J. A., Mullis, I. V. S., & Foertsch, M. A. (1990). Learning to write in our nation’s schools: Instruction and achievement in 1988 at grades 4, 8, and 12. Princeton, NJ: Education Testing Service
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays (V.W. McGee, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Berkenkotter, C. (1981). Understanding a writer's awareness of audience. College Composition and Communication, 32 388-399.
  • Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Bos, N., Krajcik, J., & Soloway, E. (1997). Student publishing in a WWW digital library-goals and instructional support. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Carvalho, J. B. (2002). Developing audience awareness in writing. Journal of Research in Reading, 25(3), 271-282.
  • Cohen, M., & Riel, M. (1989). The effect of distant audiences on students’ writing. American Educational Research Journal, 26(2), 143-159.
  • Coiro, J., & Dobler, E. (2007). Exploring the online reading comprehension strategies used by sixth-grade skilled readers to search for and locate information on the Internet. Reading Research Quarterly, 42(2), 214-257.
  • Ede, L., & Lunsford, A. (1984). Audience addressed/audience invoked: The role of audience in composition. College Composition and Communication, 35(2), 155-171.
  • Flower, L. (1979). Writer-based prose: A cognitive basis for problems in writing. College English, 41, 19-37.
  • Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1980). The cognition of discovery: Defining a rhetorical problem. College Composition and Communication, 31, 21-32.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co.
  • Golder, C., & Coirier, P. (1994). Argumentative text writing: Developmental trends. Discourse Processes, 18, 187–210.
  • Greenwald, E., Persky, H., Campbell, J., & Mazzeo, J. (1999). National assessment of educational progress: 1998 report card for the nation and the states. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.
  • Gregg, N.; Sigalas, S.; Hoy c.; Wisenbaker, J. & McKinley, C. (1996). Sense of audience and the adult writer: A study across competence levels. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8,121-137.
  • Holliway, R. D., & McCutchen, D. (2004). Audience perspective in young writers’ composing, revising. In L. Allal, L. Chanquoy, & P. Largy (Eds.), Revision: Cognitive and instructional processes (pp.157-170). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Kanaris, A. (1999). Gendered journeys: Children’s writing and the construction of gender. Language and Education, 13, 254–268.
  • Karchmer-Klein, R. (2007). Audience awareness and internet publishing: A qualitative analysis of factors influencing how fourth graders write Electronic text. Action in Teacher Education, 29(2), 39-50.
  • Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Maki, H. S., Voeten, M. J. M., Vauras, M. S. M., & Poskiparta, E. H. (2001). Predicting writing skill development with word recognition and preschool readiness skills. Reading and Writing: An interdisciplinary Journal, 14, 643–672.
  • Midgette, E., Haria, P., & MacArthur, C. (2008). The effects of content and audience awareness goals for revision on the persuasive essays of fifth-and eighth-grade students. Reading and Writing, 21(1), 131- 151.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Persky, H., Daane, M., & Jin, Y. (2003). The nation’s report card: Writing. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.
  • Piolat, A., Roussey, J., & Gombert, A. (1999). The development of argumentative schema in writing. In J. Andriessen, & P. Coirier (Eds.), Foundation of argumentative text processing (pp. 117–136). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Pitman, M. A., & Maxwell, J. A. (1992). Qualitative approaches to evaluation: Models and methods. In M. D.
Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 233 - 246, 08.01.2013

Abstract

References

  • Applebee, A. (1981). A study of writing in the secondary school (Final Report, NIE-G-79-0174). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Applebee, A. N., Langer, J. A., Mullis, I. V. S., & Foertsch, M. A. (1990). Learning to write in our nation’s schools: Instruction and achievement in 1988 at grades 4, 8, and 12. Princeton, NJ: Education Testing Service
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays (V.W. McGee, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Berkenkotter, C. (1981). Understanding a writer's awareness of audience. College Composition and Communication, 32 388-399.
  • Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Bos, N., Krajcik, J., & Soloway, E. (1997). Student publishing in a WWW digital library-goals and instructional support. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. Carvalho, J. B. (2002). Developing audience awareness in writing. Journal of Research in Reading, 25(3), 271-282.
  • Cohen, M., & Riel, M. (1989). The effect of distant audiences on students’ writing. American Educational Research Journal, 26(2), 143-159.
  • Coiro, J., & Dobler, E. (2007). Exploring the online reading comprehension strategies used by sixth-grade skilled readers to search for and locate information on the Internet. Reading Research Quarterly, 42(2), 214-257.
  • Ede, L., & Lunsford, A. (1984). Audience addressed/audience invoked: The role of audience in composition. College Composition and Communication, 35(2), 155-171.
  • Flower, L. (1979). Writer-based prose: A cognitive basis for problems in writing. College English, 41, 19-37.
  • Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1980). The cognition of discovery: Defining a rhetorical problem. College Composition and Communication, 31, 21-32.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co.
  • Golder, C., & Coirier, P. (1994). Argumentative text writing: Developmental trends. Discourse Processes, 18, 187–210.
  • Greenwald, E., Persky, H., Campbell, J., & Mazzeo, J. (1999). National assessment of educational progress: 1998 report card for the nation and the states. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.
  • Gregg, N.; Sigalas, S.; Hoy c.; Wisenbaker, J. & McKinley, C. (1996). Sense of audience and the adult writer: A study across competence levels. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8,121-137.
  • Holliway, R. D., & McCutchen, D. (2004). Audience perspective in young writers’ composing, revising. In L. Allal, L. Chanquoy, & P. Largy (Eds.), Revision: Cognitive and instructional processes (pp.157-170). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Kanaris, A. (1999). Gendered journeys: Children’s writing and the construction of gender. Language and Education, 13, 254–268.
  • Karchmer-Klein, R. (2007). Audience awareness and internet publishing: A qualitative analysis of factors influencing how fourth graders write Electronic text. Action in Teacher Education, 29(2), 39-50.
  • Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Maki, H. S., Voeten, M. J. M., Vauras, M. S. M., & Poskiparta, E. H. (2001). Predicting writing skill development with word recognition and preschool readiness skills. Reading and Writing: An interdisciplinary Journal, 14, 643–672.
  • Midgette, E., Haria, P., & MacArthur, C. (2008). The effects of content and audience awareness goals for revision on the persuasive essays of fifth-and eighth-grade students. Reading and Writing, 21(1), 131- 151.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Persky, H., Daane, M., & Jin, Y. (2003). The nation’s report card: Writing. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.
  • Piolat, A., Roussey, J., & Gombert, A. (1999). The development of argumentative schema in writing. In J. Andriessen, & P. Coirier (Eds.), Foundation of argumentative text processing (pp. 117–136). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Pitman, M. A., & Maxwell, J. A. (1992). Qualitative approaches to evaluation: Models and methods. In M. D.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Guliz Turgut

Publication Date January 8, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Turgut, G. (2013). Middle School Students’ Audience Awareness in Persuasive Texts. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.99008

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