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Abstract

Although oxygen is essential for human life, some reactive oxygen species which are produced by normal metabolism may be harmful for the body. Most of the reactive oxygen species are radicals relevant to oxidative stress (e.g. H2O2 veya O2-). The generation of reactive oxygen species are physiological and normal feature of aerobic life. However, when reactive oxygen species are produced in excess and the factors preventing their harmful effects are prohibited, the balance among these radicals’ disturbed and oxidative stress take place. In return, this may cause damage of DNA, proteins, lipids, carbonhydrates and enzymes in the cell. To prevent destruction caused by oxidative stress, the host uses the antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione. In the recent studies, it was reported that the oxidative stress developed by imbalance between oxidant/antioxidant status are relevant to some diseases. The infections which are potential and efficient factors, may enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and hence, induce oxidative stress in humans. Dominant types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although prophylactic immunization for HAV and HBV are available, each of all HBV and HCV causes oxidative stress secondary to cellular damage. In addition, this oxidative stress influences the response to the therapy. This review summarizes oxidative stress and oxidant/ antioxidant status in viral hepatitis

Keywords

• Viral hepatitis, oxidative stress

Viral hepatitlerde oksidatif stresin rolü

Abstract

Oksijen, yaşamın sürdürülebilirliği için gerekli olmasına rağmen, normal metabolizma sonucu üretilen bazı reaktif oksijen türleri vücuda zarar verebilmektedir. Reaktif oksijen türlerinin çoğu oksidatif stresle ilgili, H₂O₂ veya O₂^- gibi radikalleridir. Reaktif oksijen türlerinin oluşumu, aerobik yaşamın özelliği olan fizyolojik bir olaydır. Ancak, reaktif oksijen türleri fazla miktarda üretilir ve zararlı etkilerini önleyen faktörler  engellenirse, denge bozulur ve oksidatif stres meydana gelir. Sonuçta hücrede DNA, protein, lipid, karbonhidrat ve enzim hasarı oluşmasına neden olur. Konakçı, oluşan oksidatif hasarı önlemek için süperoksit dismütaz (SOD), katalaz (KAT) ve glutatyon gibi bazı antioksidan savunma enzimlerini kullanır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda oksidan/antioksidan dengenin bozulması sonucu gelişen oksidatif stresin çeşitli hastalıklarla ilişkisi olduğu bildirilmiştir. Reaktif oksijen türlerinin oluşumunu arttıran etkili ve potansiyel bir faktör olan infeksiyonlar, insanda oksidatif stresi de tetiklerler. Viral hepatitlerin baskın tipleri olan Hepatit A virus (HAV), Hepatit B virus (HBV) ve hepatit C virus’leridir (HCV). HAV ve HBV aşı ile önlenebilmesine rağmen, HBV ve HCV herbiri hücresel hasara ikincil ciddi oksidatif hasara neden olur. Oluşan oksidatif hasar ayrıca tedaviye etkinin de azalmasını tetikler. Bu derlemede viral hepatitlerde oksidatif hasar ve oksidan/antioksidan denge gözden geçilmiştir.

 

 

 

Keywords

• Viral hepatitler, oksidatif stres

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