Hastalıkların tanı ve tedavi stratejilerinde miRNA ve diğer non-protein-coding RNA’lar

Abstract

Son yıllarda yapılan tüm genom/fonksiyonel analiz çalışmaları insan genomunun yaygın olarak binlerce düzenleyici non-protein-coding RNA’lar (protein kodlamayan RNA) transkribe ettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bunlar içerisinde mikro RNA’lar, small interfering RNA’lar, P-element-induced Wimply Testis (PIWI) interacting RNAs’lar ve çeşitli uzun non-protein-coding RNA’lar vardır. Bunlar içerisinde özellikle miRNA’lar son 20 yıldır biyomedikal disiplinlerde tanı ve tedavi stratejisi geliştirilmesinde oldukça geniş bir ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. MikroRNA’lar kısa non-protein-coding RNA moleküllerinin bir sınıfıdır. Yüksek kapasiteli genomik ve biyoinformatik tekniklerin geleneksel moleküler biyoloji teknikleri ve deney hayvanı çalışmaları ile bütünleşmesi ile mikroRNA araştırmaları, günümüzde elde edilen ön bulguların laboratuvardan kliniğe ve halk sağlığına aktarılmasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. mikroRNA’lar küçük olmalarına rağmen çeşitli hücresel süreçlerle ilişkili olan post-transkripsiyonel gen ekspresyonunun önemli düzenleyicileridir. Bu nedenle mikroRNA’larda meydana gelen alterasyonlar tanımlanan bir dizi hastalığın patolojisi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Günümüze kadar, insanda 5000’den fazla miRNA keşfedilmiş ve bunların çoğu kanser, viral hastalıklar, immünite ile ilişkili hastalıklar, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar gibi birçok yaygın insan hastalığı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. miRNA’ların yeni nesil biyomarker ve terapötik olma yolunda önemli potansiyelleri vardır.  

Anahtar kelimeler: miRNA, non-protein-coding RNA, tanı, tedavi, biyomarkır

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