Raynaud Fenomeni üzerine genetik yapı, östrojen ve toksik ajanların klinik etkileri

Abstract

Raynaud Fenomeni (RF) soğuk kaynaklı vazokonstrüksiyonla karakterize bir hastalıktır. Bu güçlendirilmiş vazokonstrüksiyon, sempatik sinir sistemi yoluyla soğumaya karşı bir refleks cevabı ve Alfa2C (α_2C) adrenoreseptörlerinin lokal aktivasyonu ile gerçekleşmektedir. Bu hastalık klinik olarak primer ve sekonder olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Primer RF idiyopatiktir ve hastalığın en yaygın şeklidir. Sekonder RF, otoimmün veya kanser gibi hastalıklara eşlik edebileceği gibi, sigara içimi ya da bazı ilaçların kullanımı da sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Etkilenen bireyler, soğuk ve stresin tetiklemesiyle birlikte, genellikle el parmaklarında, klasik üç renk değişikliğiyle (solukluk, siyanoz ve hiperemi) ilişkili olan vazospastik ataklardan muzdarip olmaktadırlar. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, RF prevalansı ile ilgili ilginç bulgular ortaya koymuştur. Yaşları aynı olan kadınların, erkeklere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bir insidansa sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemede, östrojenin, genetik yapının ve kimyasal ajanların RF üzerine olan etkileri tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu hastalığa neden olan birçok faktör açıklanmasına rağmen, RF'nin başlangıcının ve ilerlemesinin altında yatan moleküler mekanizmaların aydınlatılması için daha fazla araştırmaya gereksinim duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

• Raynaud fenomeni
• vazospazm
• Alfa2(α2) adrenoreseptörler
• östrojen

The clinical effects of genetic structure, estrogen, and toxic agents on Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Abstract

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by cold-induced vasoconstriction. This enhanced vasoconstriction is achieved by a reflex response to cooling through the sympathetic nervous system and by local activation of Alpha2C (α_2C) adrenoreceptors. This disease is clinically classified as primary and secondary. Primary RP is idiopathic and is the most common form of the disease. Secondary RP may be associated with diseases such as autoimmune diseases or cancer, and smoking or the use of certain medications may also be cause. Affected individuals suffer from vasospastic attacks associated with classical three colour changes (paleness, cyanosis, and hyperemia), often triggered by cold and/or stress. The data from the epidemiological studies revealed interesting findings related to the prevalence of RP. 

It was determined that women with the same age had a significantly higher incidence than men. In this review, the effects of oestrogen, genetic structure and chemical agents on RP were discussed. As a result, although many factors have been described causing this disease, further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of RP.

Keywords

• Raynaud's phenomenon
• vasospasm
• Alpha2 (α2) adrenoreceptors
• estrogen

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