Temporomandibular eklem düzensizlikleri teşhisinde kullanılan görüntüleme yöntemleri

Abstract

Temporomandibular eklem düzensizliği, çiğneme kasları ile eklemin sert ve yumuşak dokularını etkileyen ve toplumda yaygın gözlenen bir hastalıktır. Teşhise karar verme sürecinde anamnez ve klinik muayene yanında radyolojik değerlendirme de yapılır. Temporomandibular eklem görüntülenmesinde, sert ve yumuşak dokuların anatomik bütünlüğünün değerlendirildiği ya da metabolik değişimlerin incelendiği çeşitli görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılacak yöntem patolojiye uygunluk, radyasyon dozu, maliyet, yararlılık, ulaşılabilirlik gibi faktörlere göre seçilmelidir. Bu derlemede temporomandibular eklem yapılarının değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan direkt radyografi yöntemlerinden panoramik, transkraniyel, transfaringeal, transmaksiller, submentoverteks, transorbital, reverse towne, posterior-anterior radyografileri, lateral ve posteroanterior sefalometri, dijital substraksiyon radyografisi ile dijital floroskopi, konvansiyonel, bilgisayarlı ve konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, artrografi, ultrasonografi ve radyonüklid görüntüleme yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Yöntemlerin endikasyonları, avantaj ve dezavantajları özetlenmiş ve birbiri ile karşılaştırıldığı çalışmalardan bahsedilmiştir.

Keywords

• Temporomandibular eklem rahatsızlığı
• temporomandibular eklem görüntülenmesi
• radyografi

Imaging methods used in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders

Abstract

The temporomandibular joint disorder is a common disease affecting the masticatory muscles and the hard and soft tissues of the joint. The decision-making process of diagnosis, anamnesis and clinical examination should be followed by the radiological evaluation. Various imaging methods are used to evaluate the anatomical integrity of hard and soft tissues or examine the metabolic changes in temporomandibular joint imaging. The method to be utilized should be selected according to factors such as suitability to the pathology, radiation dosage, cost, usefulness, and availability. In this review, direct radiography, panoramic, transcranial, transpharyngeal, transmaxiller, submentovertex, transorbital, reverse towne, posterior-anterior radiograph, lateral and posteroanterior cephalometry, digital subtraction radiography and digital fluoroscopy, conventional, computerized and cone-beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, arthrography, ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging methods used in the evaluation of temporomandibular joint structures are examined. The indications, advantages and disadvantages of the methods were summarized and the studies comparing the methods with each other were mentioned.

Keywords

• Temporomandibular disorders
• Temporomandibular joint imaging
• radiography

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