Yaygın ve ciddi bir
psikiyatrik hastalık olan şizofreni, dünya nüfusunun %0.5-%1’ini
etkilemektedir. Şizofreni çeşitli semptomlarla seyretmesi nedeniyle kompleks
klinik bulguları olan nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Etiyolojisi tam olarak
bilinemeyen şizofrenin gelişiminde beyindeki kimyasalların, yapısal
farklılıkların ve genlerin etkisi olduğu düşünülürken; patogenezinde çevresel,
psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerin rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Deneysel hayvan
modellerinin geliştirilmesi, insanlarda modellenemeyen bu hastalığın
fizyopatolojisini ve nörobiyolojik temellerinin anlaşılmasına imkân
sağlamaktadır. Deneysel yöntem olarak kalsineurin, neuregulin gibi genler genetik
modellerde; prenatal stres gelişimsel modellerde; dopaminerjik agonist gibi
ilaçlar ilaç ve kimyasal modellerde; hipokampal lezyon neonatal hipokampüs
lezyon modellerinde deneysel hayvan modelleri oluşturulmasında
kullanılmaktadır. Düşük enerji, motivasyon eksikliği, delüzyon, halüsinasyon,
anlamada ve öğrenmede yetersizlik, bellekte zayıflama vb. şizofreninin bilinen
semptomlarındandır. Değişik yöntemlerle oluşturulan deneysel hayvan
modellerinde hangi semptomun ortaya çıktığını belirlemek için davranışsal test
yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu test yöntemlerinden prepulse inhibisyon ve yeni
obje tanıma testleri çoğunlukla kullanılmaktadır. Yeni obje tanıma testi
şizofreninin kognitif semptomlarıyla, prepulse inhibisyon testi ise pozitif
semptomlarıyla ilgilidir. Genetik, gelişimsel ve kimyasal modellerle
oluşturulan bu hastalığın temellerini kavrayabilmek ve yeni tedaviler
geliştirebilmek için deney hayvanı modellerinin geliştirilmesi ve daha geniş
çaplı çalışmalarda kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Schizophrenia, a
common and serious psychiatric disorder, affects 0.5% to 1% of the world
population. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex
clinical findings due to various symptoms. While the etiology of schizophrenia is
unknown, it is thought that chemicals in the brain, structural differences and
genes have effects on the disease; environmental, psychological and social
factors are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis. The development of
experimental animal models allows for better understanding of the
physiopathology and neurobiological bases of this disease which cannot be
modeled in humans. As different experimental methods, genes such as calcineurin
and neuregulin in genetic models; prenatal stress in developmental models;
drugs such as dopaminergic agonist in pharmaceutical and chemical models;
hippocampal lesion is used in the production of experimental animal models. Low
energy, lack of motivation, delusion, hallucinations, inability to understand
and learning, memory attenuation etc. are known as symptoms of schizophrenia.
In experimental animal models produced by different methods, behavioral test
models are used to determine which symptoms occur. Among these test methods,
prepulse inhibition and new object recognition tests are mostly used. The new
object recognition test is related to the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
while the prepulse inhibition test is related to its positive symptoms. In
order to understand the basics of this disease, which is formed by genetic,
developmental and chemical models, and to develop new treatments, we reached a
conclusion that more advanced experimental animal models should be developed
and used in more comprehensive studies.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Health Care Administration |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | August 30, 2019 |
Submission Date | January 25, 2019 |
Acceptance Date | June 24, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 2 |
MEU Journal of Health Sciences Assoc was began to the publishing process in 2008 under the supervision of Assoc. Prof. Gönül Aslan, Editor-in-Chief, and affiliated to Mersin University Institute of Health Sciences. In March 2015, Prof. Dr. Caferi Tayyar Şaşmaz undertook the Editor-in Chief position and since then he has been in charge.
Publishing in three issues per year (April - August - December), it is a multisectoral refereed scientific journal. In addition to research articles, scientific articles such as reviews, case reports and letters to the editor are published in the journal. Our journal, which has been published via e-mail since its inception, has been published both online and in print. Following the Participation Agreement signed with TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM Dergi Park in April 2015, it has started to accept and evaluate online publications.
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