Division pattern of the hypoglossal canal in human fetuses

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 240 - 247, 30.08.2019

Vural Hamzaoğlu Orhan Beger Hakan Özalp Yusuf Vayisoğlu Ahmet Dağtekin Celal Bağdatoğlu Derya Ümit Talas

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.524009

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the presence and ratio of septum or double
hypoglossal canals in human fetuses. Method:
In the inventory of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, twenty-five
fetuses (14 males and 11 females) with a mean age of 23.36 ± 2.63 weeks of
gestation were included in the study. Results:
Double hypoglossal canal was detected in 9 (36%) of the 25 fetuses investigated.
The double hypoglossal presence was bilateral in 2 (%8) fetuses, while 7 (%28)
fetuses were unilateral. The presence of double hypoglossal canal incidence was
12% on the right and 16% on the left. There was no
relationship between the presence of a septum and gestational age, gender or
side. Conclusion: The division of
the hypoglossal canal with a bony septum is of great importance for
neurosurgeons and radiologists, especially for posterior cranial fossa
operations such as hypoglossal canal schwannomas. Additionally, the data presented
in this study may be valuable for anatomists and anthropologists in
understanding the development of the skull base.

Keywords

Hypoglossal canal, Fetus, Septum

İnsan fetüslerinde hipoglossal kanalın bölmelenme paterni

Abstract

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı, insan fetüslerinde septum veya çift hipoglossal kanal insidansını
tespit etmektir. Yöntem: Tıp
Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı envanterinde bulunan ortalama 23.36±2.63 haftalık 25 fetüs (14 erkek, 11
kız) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular:
Fetüslerin 9’unda (%36) septum vardı. Fetüslerin 2’sinde (%8) bilateral, 3’ünde
(%12) sağ ve 4’ünde (%16) sol tarafta çift hipoglossal kanal tespit edildi. Gestasyonal
yaş, cinsiyet ve taraflar ile septum varlığı arasında bir ilişki görülmedi. Sonuç: Hipoglossal kanalın bölümlenme
paterni özellikle hipoglossal kanal schwannoma’ları gibi posterior kraniyal
fossa operasyonları açısından önem taşıdığından nörocerrahlar ve radyololar
için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmamızdaki veriler, kafa tabanının
gelişiminin anlaşılması açısından anatomistler ve antropologlar için kıymetli
olabilir.

Keywords

Hipoglossal kanal, Fetüs, Septum

References

• 1) Arı I, Kurt MA, Oygucu IH, et al. Variations in the bridging trait of the hypoglossal canal in 13th century Bizantine skulls. Int J Osteoarchaeol 2005;15:140-145.2) Kanda T, Kiritoshi T, Osawa M, et al. The Incidence of Double Hypoglossal Canal in Japanese: Evaluation with Multislice Computed Tomography. PLoS ONE 2015;10(2): e0118317. 3) Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P, et al. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice, 40th edn. Elsevier, London, 2008.4) Paraskevas GK, Tsitsopoulos PP, Papaziogas B, et al. Osseous variations of the hypoglossal canal area. Med Sci Monit 2009;15:75–83. 5) Iaconetta G, Solari D, Villa A, et al. The Hypoglossal Nerve: Anatomical Study of Its Entire Course. World Neurosurg 2018;109:486-492. 6) Bastianini A, Guidotti A, Hauser G, et al. Variations in the method of the division of the hypoglossal canal in Sienese skulls of known age and sex. Acta Anatomica 1985;123:21–24.7) Dodo Y. Appearance of bony bridging of the hypoglossal canal during the fetal period. J Anthropol Soc Nippon 1980;88:229–38.8) Eroğlu S. Variations in the form of the hypoglossal canal in ancient Anatolian populations: comparison of two recording methods. Homo 2010;1:33–47.9) Fatima N, Rahman S, Akhtar MJ, et al. Duplication of hypoglossal canal in North Indian human skulls. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:2301-2304.10) Fernandes R. Metastatic disease causing unilateral isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy. BMJ Case Rep 2010. doi: 10.1136/bcr.05.2010.2998.11) Gajanand RP, Vanitha G, Chandrika T, et al. Double hypoglossal canal: Study on crania of South Indian population and its clinical significance. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 2016;4(2):155-157.12) Jacob M, Avadhani R, Nair B, et al. An original study on anatomical variations of hypoglossal canal. Int J Health Sci Res 2014;4(12):339-341.13) Katsuta T, Matsushima T, Wen HT, et al. Trajectory of the hypoglossal canal: significance for the transcondylar approach. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2000;40:206–210.14) Kizilkanat ED, Boyan N, Soames R, et al. Morphometry of the hypoglossal canal, occipital condyle and foramen magnum. Neurosurg Q 2006;16:121–125.15) Singh V, Sethi R, Kharb P, et al. Bridging pattern of hypoglossal canal - reclassified. J Anat Soci India 2014;63(2):31-34.16) Sinha P, Kumar N, Singh N, et al. Morphometrıc study of hypoglossal canal and its anatomical variant in north Indian skulls. J Anat Science 2017;25(1):1-4.17) Ernst R, Bulas R, Tomsick T, et al. Three cases of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior condylar vein within the hypoglossal canal. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:2016–2020.18) Hadley KS, Shelton C. Infratemporal fossa approach to the hypoglossal canal: practical landmarks for elusive anatomy. Laryngoscope 2004;114:1648-1651.19) Komiyama M, Ishiguro T, Terada A, et al. Spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome in a neonate presenting with congestive heart failure: case report. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(9):1607-1611. 20) Shiozawa Z, Koike G, Seguchi K, et al. Unilateral tongue atrophy due to an enlarged emissary vein in the hypoglossal canal. Surg Neurol 1996;45(5):477-479.21) Patel AJ, Gressot LV, Cherian J, et al. Far lateral paracondylar versus transcondylar approach in the pediatric age group: CT morphometric analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2014;21(12):2194-2200. 22) Hauser G, De Stefano GF. Variations in form of the hypoglossal canal. Am J Phys Anthropol 1985; 67: 7–11. 23) Nikumbh RD, Nikumbh DB, Karambelkar RR, et al. Morphological study of hypoglossal canal and its anatomical variation. Int J Health Sci Res 2013;3(6):54-58.24) Weindling SM, Wood CP, Hoxworth JM. Hypoglossal Canal Lesions: Distinctive Imaging Features and Simple Diagnostic Algorithm. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017;209(5):1119-1127. 25) O'Rahilly R, Muller F, Myer DB. The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. The occipitocervical region. J Anat 1983;136:181-195.26) Richtsmeier JT, McGrath JW. Quantitative genetics of cranial non-metric traits in random bred mice: heritability and etiology. Am J Phys Anthropol 1986;69:51-58.27) Zaidi SHH, Gupta R, Usman N. A study of hypoglossal canal in north indian crania. J Anat Soc India 2011;60:224–226.28) Pereira GAM, Lopes PTC, Santos AMPV, et al. Morphometric analysis related to the transcondylar approach in dry skulls and computed tomography. Int J Morphol 2012;30(2):399-404.29) Wysocki J, Kobry H, Bubrowski M, et al. The morphology of the hypoglossal canal and its size in relation to skull capacity in man and other mammal species. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2004;63:11–17.