An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis

Mustafa Çelen; Ebru Çağlayan Akay; Serdar Yılmaz

TR EN

An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis

Abstract

This paper investigates the causal relationship between educational expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye at the provincial level by using annual panel data covering the period 2009-2021. The main finding suggests that the causal relationship between economic growth and public education spending is heterogenous: it varies from one province to the other. Although there is no causal relationship between total and primary and secondary education expenditures and economic growth in a majority of provinces, there is a unidirectional causal relationship between higher education expenditures and economic growth in 41 out of 81 provinces.

Keywords

Panel causality, Public education expenditures, Provincial level economic growth, Provincial level public education expenditures

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Growth, Regional Economy, Public Economy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mustafa Çelen ^*
0000-0001-5876-2241
Türkiye

Ebru Çağlayan Akay
0000-0002-9998-5334
Türkiye

Serdar Yılmaz
0000-0003-4105-709X
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2025

Submission Date

September 4, 2024

Acceptance Date

April 30, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 52 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS

APA

Çelen, M., Çağlayan Akay, E., & Yılmaz, S. (2025). An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 52(1), 203-237. https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS

AMA

1.Çelen M, Çağlayan Akay E, Yılmaz S. An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis. METUSD. 2025;52(1):203-237. https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS

Chicago

Çelen, Mustafa, Ebru Çağlayan Akay, and Serdar Yılmaz. 2025. “An Investigation of Causal Relationship Between Public Education Expenditures and Economic Growth in Turkiye: Evidence from Provincial Level Analysis”. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi 52 (1): 203-37. https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS.

EndNote

Çelen M, Çağlayan Akay E, Yılmaz S (June 1, 2025) An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi 52 1 203–237.

IEEE

[1]M. Çelen, E. Çağlayan Akay, and S. Yılmaz, “An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis”, METUSD, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 203–237, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS

ISNAD

Çelen, Mustafa - Çağlayan Akay, Ebru - Yılmaz, Serdar. “An Investigation of Causal Relationship Between Public Education Expenditures and Economic Growth in Turkiye: Evidence from Provincial Level Analysis”. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi 52/1 (June 1, 2025): 203-237. https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS.

JAMA

1.Çelen M, Çağlayan Akay E, Yılmaz S. An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis. METUSD. 2025;52:203–237.

MLA

Çelen, Mustafa, et al. “An Investigation of Causal Relationship Between Public Education Expenditures and Economic Growth in Turkiye: Evidence from Provincial Level Analysis”. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, vol. 52, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 203-37, https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS.

Vancouver

1.Mustafa Çelen, Ebru Çağlayan Akay, Serdar Yılmaz. An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis. METUSD [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;52(1):203-37. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA82RB58LS

An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis

Türkiye’de kamu eğitim harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin incelenmesi: İl düzeyinde bir analiz

Abstract

Keywords

An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

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Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

IZ

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