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Sarsılmaz umutlar: Türkiye kamuoyunun AB üyeliğine yönelik desteğinin dirençliliği üzerine keşifsel bir analiz

Year 2024, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 233 - 259, 27.12.2024

Abstract

Bu makale, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği (AB) ilişkilerindeki siyasi, ekonomik ve diplomatik zorluklara rağmen, Türkiye kamuoyunun AB üyeliğine olan desteğinin dirençli yapısını incelemektedir. İkincil anket verileri kullanılarak yapılan bu keşifsel analizde, kamuoyunun eğilimleri ve destek nedenleri üç temel hipotez üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir: (H1) Gerçekleşebilirlik, (H2) Olumlu Tarihi Deneyim ve (H3) İdeolojik Yerleşmişlik. Bulgular, kamuoyu desteğinin gerçekleşebilirlik ve tarihi deneyimlerle bağlantılı olsa da, demokratik değerler, insan hakları ve hukukun üstünlüğüne olan ideolojik bağlılığın, olumlu tutumların devam etmesini sağladığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, Türk kamuoyunun, AB üyeliği sürecinde ülkedeki Avrupa hedeflerine içsel bir dayanak noktası, bir nevi kutup yıldızı oluşturduğunu savunmaktadır. Çalışmanın kısıtları belirtilmiş olup, analizde gelişmiş istatistiksel tekniklerin kullanılmadığına dikkat çekilmiştir. Makale, gelecekteki araştırmalara, Türk kamuoyunun AB üyeliğine yönelik tutumlarını etkileyen karmaşık faktörleri daha detaylı incelemek için daha sofistike yöntemlerin entegrasyonu çağrısında bulunmaktadır.

References

  • AKGÜL AÇIKMEŞE, S., and ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2018), Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinde Gelecek Senaryoları ve Kamuoyu Algıları. In S. Baykal, S. A. Açıkmeşe, B. Akçay, & Ç. Erhan (Eds.), Hukuki, Siyasi ve İktisadi Yönleriyle Avrupa Bütünleşmesinde Son Gelişmeler ve Türkiye-AB İlişkileri: ATAUM 30. Yıl Armağanı (pp. 355-380). Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • AKŞİT, S., and ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2016), Domestic Politics and Perceptions of Turkey-EU Relations. In A. Freyberg-Inan, M. Bardakci, & O. Leiße (Eds.), Growing Together, Growing Apart: Turkey and the European Union Today (pp. 55-72). Nomos.
  • ARKAN, Z. (2016), Imagining ‘Europe’: Constituting Turkey's Identity on the Path to Eu Membership. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 107: 134-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12180
  • AYDIN, M., ÇELİKPALA, M., AKGÜL-AÇIKMEŞE, S., CANAN-SOKULLU, E., GÜVENÇ, S., ŞENYUVA, Ö., and Kaya-Sönmez, S. (2022), Kantitatif Araştırma Raporu: Türk Dış Politikası Kamuoyu Algıları Araştırması 2022. İstanbul, 8 Eylül 2022, Kadir Has Üniversitesi Türkiye Çalışmaları Grubu, Global Akademi, Akademetre.
  • BEDİR, N.S., and ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2024), Exploring Turkish Youth Perceptions of the European Project: A Periphery Perspective. In: Alpan, B., Hoti, A. (Eds.) Imagining Europe in Times of War and Crises. The Future of Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68771-6_7
  • CİHANGİR TETİK, D., and DIEZ, T. (2024), Birbirine İhtiyaç Duyarken Geçmişi Konuşmak: AB ve Türkiye arasındaki Karmaşık ve Muğlak İlişki. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 33(2), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1422435
  • ÇARKOĞLU, A. (2003). Who wants full membership? Characteristics of Turkish public support for EU membership. Turkish Studies, 4(1), 171-194.
  • ÇARKOĞLU, A., and KENTMEN, Ç. (2011), Diagnosing Trends and Determinants in Public Support for Turkey’s EU Membership. South European Society and Politics, 16(3), 365-379.
  • ERALP, A. (2009). The role of temporality and interaction in the Turkey-EU relationship. New Perspectives on Turkey, 40, 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0896634600005252
  • European Commission. (2024), Turkey 2024 Report. European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/turkey-report-2024
  • HAUGE, H.-L., ÖZBEY, E. E., ERALP, A., and WESSELS, W. (2019), Narratives of a Contested Relationship: Unravelling the Debates in the EU and Turkey. FEUTURE Online Paper No. 28. Retrieved from https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/pdf/FEUTURE_Online_Paper_28.pdf
  • İstanbul Ekonomi Araştırma. (2017), Siyasi Gündem Araştırması. Retrieved from https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/077e98_b72b5916b5c84d56a9ebf5c3dbf0478c.pdf
  • IMAİ, K. (2023). Attitudes of Turkish Citizens to Domestic Politics and EU Relations. JETRO Institute of Developing Economies.
  • KENTMEN, Ç. (2008), Determinants of Support for EU Membership in Turkey: Islamic Attachments, Utilitarian Considerations and National Identity. European Union Politics, 9(4), 487-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116508095148
  • NİEDERMAYER, O., and WESTLE, B. (1995), A Typology of Orientations. In Public Opinion and Internationalized Governance (pp. 33-50). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • STELZENMUELLER, C., ISERNIA, P., & EICHENBERG, R. (2014), "Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2014", Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2015-07-24. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36138.v1.
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2006), Turkish Public Opinion and European Union Membership: The State of The Art in Public Opinion Studies in Turkey. Perceptions, 11(1), 19-32.
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2009). Türkiye Kamuoyu ve Avrupa Birliği 2001-2008: Beklentiler, İstekler, Korkular. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 6(22), 97-123.
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2014), In Search of an Anchor for Rights and Liberties: The Return of Secular and Center Left Voters to Turkey’s EU Vocation? The German Marshall Fund of the United States. Retrieved from https://www.gmfus.org/news/in-search-of-an-anchor
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2018), Turkish Public Opinion and the EU Membership: Between Support and Mistrust. FEUTURE Online Paper No. 26. Retrieved from https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/user_upload/Online_Paper_No_26_final.pdf
  • ÜSTÜN, Ç. (2018), Rise and Fall of Europeanization: What is Next for Turkey-EU Relations? Peter Lang Publishing.
  • YAKA, Ö. (2016), Why Not EU? Dynamics of the Changing Turkish Attitudes towards EU Membership. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 24(1), 149-170.

Unwavering aspirations: An exploratory analysis of the resilience of Turkish public support for EU membership

Year 2024, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 233 - 259, 27.12.2024

Abstract

This article explores the resilience of Turkish public support for European Union (EU) membership, despite significant political, economic, and diplomatic challenges in Türkiye-EU relations. Using secondary survey data, the study provides an exploratory analysis of trends and underlying determinants of public sentiment, examining three main hypotheses: (H1) Feasibility, (H2) Positive Historical Experience, and (H3) Ideological Entrenchment. The findings reveal that while feasibility and historical experience contribute to public support, it is the deep-rooted ideological commitment to democratic values, human rights, and the rule of law that sustains positive attitudes towards EU membership. The study argues that Turkish public opinion acts as an internal anchor, sort of a north star for the country’s European aspirations, even as political divergence and skepticism from EU member states persist. Limitations of the study are noted, highlighting the descriptive nature of the analysis and the absence of advanced statistical techniques. The article concludes with a call for future research integrating more sophisticated methods to further explore the complex factors influencing Turkish public opinion on EU membership

References

  • AKGÜL AÇIKMEŞE, S., and ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2018), Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinde Gelecek Senaryoları ve Kamuoyu Algıları. In S. Baykal, S. A. Açıkmeşe, B. Akçay, & Ç. Erhan (Eds.), Hukuki, Siyasi ve İktisadi Yönleriyle Avrupa Bütünleşmesinde Son Gelişmeler ve Türkiye-AB İlişkileri: ATAUM 30. Yıl Armağanı (pp. 355-380). Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • AKŞİT, S., and ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2016), Domestic Politics and Perceptions of Turkey-EU Relations. In A. Freyberg-Inan, M. Bardakci, & O. Leiße (Eds.), Growing Together, Growing Apart: Turkey and the European Union Today (pp. 55-72). Nomos.
  • ARKAN, Z. (2016), Imagining ‘Europe’: Constituting Turkey's Identity on the Path to Eu Membership. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 107: 134-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12180
  • AYDIN, M., ÇELİKPALA, M., AKGÜL-AÇIKMEŞE, S., CANAN-SOKULLU, E., GÜVENÇ, S., ŞENYUVA, Ö., and Kaya-Sönmez, S. (2022), Kantitatif Araştırma Raporu: Türk Dış Politikası Kamuoyu Algıları Araştırması 2022. İstanbul, 8 Eylül 2022, Kadir Has Üniversitesi Türkiye Çalışmaları Grubu, Global Akademi, Akademetre.
  • BEDİR, N.S., and ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2024), Exploring Turkish Youth Perceptions of the European Project: A Periphery Perspective. In: Alpan, B., Hoti, A. (Eds.) Imagining Europe in Times of War and Crises. The Future of Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68771-6_7
  • CİHANGİR TETİK, D., and DIEZ, T. (2024), Birbirine İhtiyaç Duyarken Geçmişi Konuşmak: AB ve Türkiye arasındaki Karmaşık ve Muğlak İlişki. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 33(2), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2024.33.1422435
  • ÇARKOĞLU, A. (2003). Who wants full membership? Characteristics of Turkish public support for EU membership. Turkish Studies, 4(1), 171-194.
  • ÇARKOĞLU, A., and KENTMEN, Ç. (2011), Diagnosing Trends and Determinants in Public Support for Turkey’s EU Membership. South European Society and Politics, 16(3), 365-379.
  • ERALP, A. (2009). The role of temporality and interaction in the Turkey-EU relationship. New Perspectives on Turkey, 40, 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0896634600005252
  • European Commission. (2024), Turkey 2024 Report. European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/turkey-report-2024
  • HAUGE, H.-L., ÖZBEY, E. E., ERALP, A., and WESSELS, W. (2019), Narratives of a Contested Relationship: Unravelling the Debates in the EU and Turkey. FEUTURE Online Paper No. 28. Retrieved from https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/pdf/FEUTURE_Online_Paper_28.pdf
  • İstanbul Ekonomi Araştırma. (2017), Siyasi Gündem Araştırması. Retrieved from https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/077e98_b72b5916b5c84d56a9ebf5c3dbf0478c.pdf
  • IMAİ, K. (2023). Attitudes of Turkish Citizens to Domestic Politics and EU Relations. JETRO Institute of Developing Economies.
  • KENTMEN, Ç. (2008), Determinants of Support for EU Membership in Turkey: Islamic Attachments, Utilitarian Considerations and National Identity. European Union Politics, 9(4), 487-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116508095148
  • NİEDERMAYER, O., and WESTLE, B. (1995), A Typology of Orientations. In Public Opinion and Internationalized Governance (pp. 33-50). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • STELZENMUELLER, C., ISERNIA, P., & EICHENBERG, R. (2014), "Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2014", Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2015-07-24. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36138.v1.
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2006), Turkish Public Opinion and European Union Membership: The State of The Art in Public Opinion Studies in Turkey. Perceptions, 11(1), 19-32.
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2009). Türkiye Kamuoyu ve Avrupa Birliği 2001-2008: Beklentiler, İstekler, Korkular. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 6(22), 97-123.
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2014), In Search of an Anchor for Rights and Liberties: The Return of Secular and Center Left Voters to Turkey’s EU Vocation? The German Marshall Fund of the United States. Retrieved from https://www.gmfus.org/news/in-search-of-an-anchor
  • ŞENYUVA, Ö. (2018), Turkish Public Opinion and the EU Membership: Between Support and Mistrust. FEUTURE Online Paper No. 26. Retrieved from https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/user_upload/Online_Paper_No_26_final.pdf
  • ÜSTÜN, Ç. (2018), Rise and Fall of Europeanization: What is Next for Turkey-EU Relations? Peter Lang Publishing.
  • YAKA, Ö. (2016), Why Not EU? Dynamics of the Changing Turkish Attitudes towards EU Membership. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 24(1), 149-170.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects European Union-Turkiye Relations, European Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özgehan Şenyuva 0000-0003-2433-0736

Publication Date December 27, 2024
Submission Date November 10, 2024
Acceptance Date December 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 51 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şenyuva, Ö. (2024). Unwavering aspirations: An exploratory analysis of the resilience of Turkish public support for EU membership. Middle East Technical University Studies in Development, 51(2), 233-259.