The Effect of Employee Voice on Happiness at Work and the Mediating Role of Work Friendship

Year 2024, , 463 - 493, 15.03.2024

Muhammet Ali Çelebi

https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1426312

Abstract

This study focuses on employee voice, which is a proactive behavior. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of employees voluntarily conveying their suggestions, concerns, and work-related opinions to someone in a higher organizational position on employees' happiness at work, and whether there is a role of work friendship in the process. For this purpose, data was collected from 458 people working in the service sector in Karaman. Quantitative method was preferred in the study. The data collected through the survey was subjected to statistical analysis and research findings were obtained. As a result of the correlation analysis, significant positive relationships were determined between employee voice, work engagement, one of the sub-dimensions of happiness at work, and organizational commitment. A positive significant relationship was found between employee voice and friendship opportunity and friendship degree, which are the sub-dimensions of workplace friendship. Positive significant relationships were found between the sub-dimensions of friendship at work and the sub-dimensions of happiness at work. As a result of the regression analysis conducted for the hypothesis tests of the research, it was found that employee voice affects the sub-dimensions of happiness at work (work engagement and organizational commitment) and workplace friendship (friendship opportunity, degree of friendship) has a mediating role. All findings obtained were discussed within the scope of the literature.

Keywords

Employee Voice, Happiness at Work, Work Friendship

Çalışan Sesliliğinin İş Yerindeki Mutluluğa Etkisi ve İş Arkadaşlığının Aracılık Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışma, proaktif bir davranış olan çalışan sesliliğine odaklanmakta-dır. Çalışanların önerilerini, endişelerini, işle ilgili görüşlerini daha yüksek bir organizasyonel pozisyondaki birine gönüllü olarak iletmelerinin çalışanların iş yerinde mutlu olmalarında etkisinin ne olduğu ve bu süreçte iş arkadaşlığının rolünün olup olmadığı araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla Karaman’da hizmet sektöründe çalışan 458 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmada nicel yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Anket yoluyla toplanan veriler istatistiki analizlere tabi tutulmuş ve araştırma bulguları elde edilmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda çalışan sesliliği ile işyerinde mutluluğun alt boyutlarından işe tutulma ve örgütsel bağlılık arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışan sesliliği ile iş yeri arkadaşlığının alt boyutları olan arkadaşlık fırsatı ve arkadaşlık derecesi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. İş yerinde arkadaşlığın alt boyutları ile iş yerinde mutluluğun alt boyutları arasında pozitif anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın hipotez testleri için yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda çalışan sesliliğinin işyerinde mutluğun alt boyutlarını (işe tutulma ve örgütsel bağlılık) etkilediği ve iş yeri arkadaşlığının (arkadaşlık fırsatı, arkadaşlık derecesi) aracılık rolünün bulunduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen tüm bulgular literatür kapsamında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Çalışan Sesliliği, İş Yerindeki Mutluluk, İş Arkadaşlığı

References

• Ahmad, Rehan vd. “The blessing or curse of workplace friendship: Mediating role of organizational identification and moderating role of political skills”. International Journal of Hospitality Management 108 (2023), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103359
• Allen, Natalie J. - Meyer, John P. “The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization”. Journal of Occupational Psychology 63/1 (1990), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
• Aziri, B. “Job satisfaction: A literature review”. Management Research & Practice 3/4 (2011), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.31.1037
• Babadağ, Mustafa - Dalgın, Taner. “Yaratıcı örgüt ikliminin çalışan sesliliği üzerindeki etkisinde duygusal zekânın destekleyici rolü.” Alanya Akademik Bakış 4/3 (2020), 1057–1081. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.670259
• Bader, Hind A.M. vd. “Workplace friendships among bank mployees in Eastern Libya”. Digest of Middle East Studies 22/1 (2013), 94–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12020
• Bakker, Arnold B - Demerouti, Evangelia. “Towards a model of work engagement Work engagement”. Career Development International 13/3 (2008), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810870476
• Baumeister, Roy F. - Leary, Mark R. “The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation”. Psychological Bulletin 117/3 (1995), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351153683-3
• Berman, Evan M. vd. “Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers)”. Public Administration Review 62/2 (2002), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00172
• Bilginoğlu, Elif - Yozgat, Uğur. “İşyerinde mutluluk ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması”. Journal of Yasar University 15/Special Issue (2020), 201–206.
• Boehm, Julia K. - Lyubomirsky, Sonja. “Does happiness promote career success?” Journal of Career Assessment 16/1 (2008), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707308140
• Büyükyılmaz, Ozan - Biçer, Can. “İşyeri arkadaşlığının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde işe bağlılığın aracılık rolü”. Social Sciences 13/2 (2018), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2018.13.2.3C0170
• Çelebi, Muhammet Ali. “Örgütsel kimlik-iş tatmini ilişkisinde işe tutulmanın aracılık rolü”. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy 6/Special Issue (2021), 41–51.
• Çetin, Şahin - Çakmakçı, Cahit. “Çalışan sesliliği ölçeğini Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması”. Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi 22/2 (2012), 1–19.
• Çöl, Güner - Gül, Hasan. “Kişisel özelliklerin örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkileri ve kamu üniversitelerinde bir uygulama”. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 19/1 (2005), 291–306.
• Cropanzano, Russell - Mitchell, Marie S. “Social exchange theory: An Interdisciplinary review”. Journal of Management 31/6 (2005), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
• Düğer, Yavuz Selim. “Lider-üye etkileşiminin çalışan sesliliği ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi:Psikolojik güçlendirmenin düzenleyici rolü”. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 19/3 (2020), 1215–1236.
• Dutta, Debolina vd. “Augmented employee voice and employee engagement using artificial intelligence-enabled chatbots: a field study”. International Journal of Human Resource Management 34/12 (2023), 2451–2480. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2085525
• Dutton, J. E. - Ragins, B. R. Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Psychology Press, 2017.
• Dyne, L Van - LePine, J. “Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity”. Academy of Management Journal 41/1 (1998), 108–119. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/256902
• Dyne, Linn Van vd. “Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs”. Journal of Management Studies 40/6 (2003), 1359–1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
• Erdem, Ahmet Tuncay. “Örgütsel etik iklim algısının çalışan sesliliği davranışına etkisinde psikolojik güvenliğin aracı etkisi: Vakıf üniversitelerine yönelik bir araştırma.” Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi 24/1 (2021), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.832859
• Farndale, E vd. “The influence of perceived employee voice on organizational commitment: An exchange perspective”. Human Resource Management 50/1 (2011), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20404 Fisher, Cynthia D. “Happiness at work”. International Journal of Management Reviews 12 (2010), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
• Gizlier, Ömer. “Algılanan aşırı nitelikliliğin çalışan sesliliği üzerindeki etkisi”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 9/1 (2021), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.14514/byk.m.26515393.2021.9/1.57-67
• Göktaş Kulualp, Hatice. “Çalışan sessizliği ile bazı kişisel ve örgütsel özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi: Öğretim elemanları üzerine bir araştırma”. Ege Academic Review 16/4 (2016), 745–761. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.2016.482
• Griffin, Mark A. vd. “A New Model of Work Role Performance: Positive Behavior in Uncertain and Interdependent Contexts”. The Academy of Management Journal 50/2 (2007), 327–347. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20159857
• Griffin, Mark A vd. “A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts”. Academy of Management Journal 50/2 (2007), 327–347. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.331.689&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Hsiung, Hsin-Hua. “Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process”. J Bus Ethics 107 (2012), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1043-2
• Kahn, William A. “Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work”. Academy of Management Journal 33/4 (1990), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
• Kahn, William A. “To be fully there: Psychological presence at work”. Human Relations 45/4 (1992), 321–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679204500402
• Karabey, Canan Nur - Alioğulları, Zişan Duygu. “Etik liderlik, politik beceri ve güç mesafesi yöneliminin çalışan sesliliğine etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 24/(Aralık Özel Sayı) (2020), 37–56.
• Liang, Jian vd. “Psychological antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice: A two-wave examination”. Academy of Management Journal 55/1 (2012), 71–92.
• Locke, Edwin A. “What is job satisfaction?” Organızatıonal Behavıor And Human Performance 4 (1969), 309–336.
• Mackenzie, Scott B vd. “Challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational effectiveness: Do challenge-oriented behaviors really have an impact on the organization’s bottom line?” Personnel Psychology 64 (2011), 559–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01219.x
• Milliken, Frances J vd. “An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why”. Journal of Management Studies 40/6 (2003), 1453–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00387
• Mitleton‐Kelly, E. “A complexity theory approach to sustainability: A longitudinal study in two London NHS hospitals”. The Learning Organization 18/1 (2011), 45–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/09696471111095993
• Morrison, Elizabeth W. “Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research”. Academy of Management Annals 5/1 (2011), 373–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2011.574506
• Morrison, Elizabeth W. - Milliken, Frances J. “Organizational silence : A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world”. The Academy of Management Review 25/4 (2000), 706–725. https://www.jstor.org/stable/259200
• Mowday, R. T. vd. “The measurement of organizational commitment”. Journal of Vocational Behaviorational 14/2 (1979), 224–247.
• Myers, David G. “The funds, friends, and faith of happy people”. American Psychologist 55/1 (2000), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.56
• Neve, J. E. De - Ward, G. Happiness at work. World Happiness Report Saïd Business School WP, 7 (2017). 172. http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/%0Ahttp://worldhappiness.report/ed/2015/
• Ng, Thomas W H - Feldman, Daniel C. “Employee voice behavior: A meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources framework”. Journal of Organizational Behavior 33 (2012), 216–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.754
• Nielsen, Ivy K vd. “Development and validation of scores on a two-dimensional workplace friendship scale”. Educational and Psychological Measurement 60/4 (2000), 628–643.
• Örücü, Edip vd. “İşgören sesliliğinin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki Etkisi: Belediye çalışanları üzerinde bir Araştırma”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 19/2 (2021), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.690044
• Özbolat, Gülcan - Şehitoğlu, Yasin. “Çalışan sesliliği ile iletişim doyumu arasındaki ilişki: Bankacılık sektöründe bir araştırma”. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2/2 (2018), 35–49.
• Özyılmaz, Bilge - Oral Ataç, Lale. “Paternalist Liderlik Algısının Çalışan Sesliliğine Etkisi: Gıda Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi 26/2 (2019), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.574425
• Prasadika, G.H.H.P - Nishanthi, H.M. “Perceived employee voice and organizational commitment: A case of Sri Lanka”. Asian Journal of Empirical Research 8/9 (2018), 330–341. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007/2018.8.9/1007.9.330.341
• Premeaux, Sonya Fontenot - Bedeian, Arthur G. “Breaking the silence: The moderating effects of self-monitoring in predicting speaking up in the workplace”. Journal of Management Studies 40/6 (2003), 1537–1562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00390
• Pryce-Jones, J. Happiness at work: Maximizing your psychological capital for success. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell., 2010.
• Rees, Chris vd. “Employee voice and engagement: Connections and consequences”. International Journal of Human Resource Management 24/14 (2013), 2780–2798. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.763843
• Riordan, Christine M - Griffeth, Rodger W. “The opportunity for friendship in the workplace: An underexplored construct”. Journal of Business and Psychology 10/2 (1995), 141–154.
• Robbins, Stephen P. - Judge, Timothy A. Organizational Behavior. Pearson, 15. Basım, 2013.
• Salas-Vallina, Andrés vd. “Happiness at work in knowledge-intensive contexts: Opening the research agenda”. European Research on Management and Business Economics 24 (2018), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2018.05.003
• Schneider, Benjamin - Snyder, Robert A. “Some relationships between job satisfaction and organization climate”. Journal of Applied Psychology 60/3 (1975), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076756
• Sias, Patricia M. vd. “Maintaining workplace friendships: Perceived politeness and predictors of maintenance tactic choice”. Communication Research 39/2 (2012), 239–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210396869
• Singh, Sanjay - Aggarwal, Yogita. “Happiness at work scale: Construction and psychometric validation of a measure using mixed method approach”. Journal of Happiness Studies 19 (2018), 1439–1463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9882-x
• Sirota, D. - Klein, D.A. The enthusiastic employee: How companies profit by giving workers what they want. FT Press, 2013.
• Song, Seok-Hwi. Workplace friendship and its impact on employees’ positive work attitudes: A comparative study of Seoul City and New Jersey state government public officials. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Graduate School-Newark., 2005.
• Sönmez, Sinem vd. “Çalışan sesliliği ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Bir kamu hastanesi örneği”. Scientific Journal of Innovation and Social Sciences Research 1/1 (2021), 65–86.
• Takeuchi, Riki vd. “Applying uncertainty management theory to employee voice behavior: An integrative investigation”. Personnel Psychology 65 (2012), 283–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01247.x
• Tangirala, Subrahmaniam - Ramanujam, Rangaraj. “Exploring nonlinearity in employee voice : The effects of personal control and organizational identification”. Academy of Management 51/6 (2008), 1189–1203. www.jstor.org/stable/4039026
• Um-E-Rubbab - Mehdi Raza Naqvi, Sayyed Muhammad. “Employee voice behavior as a critical factor for organizational sustainability in the telecommunications industry”. PLoS ONE 15/9 (2020), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238451
• Weiss, Mona - Morrison, Elizabeth W. “Speaking up and moving up: How voice can enhance employees’ social status”. Journal of Organizational Behavior 40/1 (2018), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2262
• Wesarat, Phathara On vd. “A conceptual framework of happiness at the workplace”. Asian Social Science 11/2 (2015), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n2p78
• Winstead, Barbara A. vd. “The quality of friendships at work and job satisfaction”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 12/2 (1995), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595122003
• Zengin, Yunus. “The effect of dark leadership on organizational voice and job satisfaction”. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 10/19 (2019), 310–337. https://doi.org/10.9775/kauiibfd.2019.013