Olgunlaşma ile Alıç (Crataegus orientalis) Meyvesinin Antioksidan Aktivite, Toplam Fenolik Madde ve Fenolik Profilindeki Değişim

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 30 - 37, 02.12.2016

Hacer Çoklar Mehmet Akbulut

Öz

Bu araştırmada olgunlaşma ile alıç meyvesinin toplam fenolik içeriği, antioksidan aktivitesi ve fenolik bileşenlerinde meydana gelen değişimin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.  Konya, Beyşehir’de doğal olarak yetişen meyveler olgunlaşmamış (yeşil), yarı olgun (sarı) ve olgun (turuncu-sarı renkli) aşamalarda toplanmıştır. Meyvelerin metanol ekstraktında toplam fenolik içeriği ve antioksidan aktivitesi Folin-ciocalteu ve DPPH antiokisdan aktivite metotlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Meyvelerin fenolik profili HPLC ile tespit edilmiştir.  Olgunlaşmamış, yarı olgun ve olgun alıçların toplam fenolik içeriği sırasıyla 818.3, 974.2 ve 1957.4 mg GAE 100 g^-1 kuru ağırlık olarak belirlenmiştir. Olgunlaşmanın ilerlemesiyle toplam fenolik madde miktarının ve antioksidan aktivitenin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Prosiyanidin B1 ve B2, (-)-epikateşin, klorojenik asit, epigallokateşin gallat, rutin ve kamferol-3-O glukozit miktarlarının da olgunlaşma sırasında artış görülmüştür. Farklı olgunluktaki meyvelerin kateşin miktarında önemli bir değişiklik elde edilmemiştir. 

Kaynakça

• Akbulut M, Coklar H, 2015. Effect of Adsorbent and Ion Exchange Resin Applications on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of White and Red Grape Juices. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 29(1), 31-33.
• Bahri-Sahloul R, Ben Fredj R, Boughalleb N, Shriaa J, Saguem S, Hilbert JL, Trotin F, Ammar S, Bouzid S, Harzallah-Skhiri F, 2014, Phenolic composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained from Crataegus azarolus L. var. aronia (Willd.) Batt. ovaries calli. Journal of Botany
• Butkhup L, Samappito S, 2011. Changes in physico-chemical properties, polyphenol com-pounds and antiradical activity during development and ripening of maoluang (Antidesma Bunius L. Spreng) fruits. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 1(19).
• Çaliskan O, Gündüz K, Serçe S, Toplu C, Kamiloglu Ö, Sengül M, Ercisli S, 2012 Phytoc-hemical characterization of several hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) species sampled from the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Pharmacognosy magazine, 8(29), 16.
• Demir N, Yildiz O, Alpaslan M, Hayaloglu A, 2014. Evaluation of volatiles, phenolic com-pounds and antioxidant activities of rose hip (Rosa L.) fruits in Turkey. LWT-Food Science and Technology 57(1), 126-133.
• Ercisli S, Yanar M, Sengul M, Yi̇ldi̇z H, Topdas EF, Taskin T, Zengin Y, Yilmaz KU, 2015. Physico-chemical and biological activity of hawthorn (Crataegus spp. L.) fruits in Turkey. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus, 14(1), 83-93.
• Froehlicher T, Hennebelle T, Martin-Nizard F, Cleenewerck P, Hilbert JL, Trotin F, Grec S, 2009. Phenolic profiles and antioxidative effects of hawthorn cell suspensions, fresh fruits, and medicinal dried parts. Food Chemistry, 115(3), 897-903.
• Haider MS, Khan IA, Naqvi SA, Jaskani MJ, Khan RW, Nafees M, Pasha M, Pasha I, 2013. Fruit developmental stages effects on biochemical attributes in date palm. Pak. J. Agri. Sci, 50(4), 577-583.
• Hegedüs A, Pfeiffer P, Papp N, Abrankó L, Blázovics A, Pedryc A, & Stefanovits-Bányai É, 2011. Accumulation of antioxidants in apricot fruit through ripening: characterization of a genotype with enhanced functional properties. Biological research, 44(4), 339-344.
• Josiane KR, Glenise BV, Rui Carlos Z, 2012. Influence of the Degree of Maturation on the Bioactive Compounds in Blackberry (Rubus spp.) cv. Tupy. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012.
• Kumar D, Arya, Bhat ZA, Khan NA, Prasad DN, 2012. The genus Crataegus: chemical and pharmacological perspectives. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 22(5), 1187-1200.
• Lewis Luján LM, Assanga I, Bernard S, Rivera-Castañeda EG, Gil-Salido AA, Acosta-Silva AL, Meza-Cueto CY, Rubio-Pino JL, 2014. Nutritional and Phenolic composition of Morinda citrifolia L.(Noni) fruit at different ripeness stages and seasonal patterns harvested in Nayarit, Mexico. Sciences, 3(5), 421-429.
• Liu RH, 2003. Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 78(3), 517-520.
• Mahmood T, Anwar F, Abbas M, Saari N, 2012. Effect of maturity on phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) profile of strawberry cultivars and mulberry species from Pakistan. International journal of molecular sciences, 13(4), 4591-4607.
• Nabavi SF, Habtemariam S, Ahmed T, Sureda A, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SM, 2015. Polyphenolic Composition of Crataegus monogyna Jacq.: From Chemistry to Medical Applications. Nutrients, 7(9), 7708-7728.
• Peña-Neira A, Duenas M, Duarte A, Hernandez T, Estrella I, Loyola E, 2015. Effects of ripening stages and of plant vegetative vigor on the phenolic composition of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in the Maipo Valley (Chile). VITIS-Journal of Grape-vine Research, 43(2), 51.
• Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G, 1996. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free radical biology and medicine, 20(7), 933-956.
• Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G, 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compo-unds. Trends in plant science, 2(4), 152-159.
• Rop O, Sochor J, Jurikova T, Zitka O, Skutkova H, Mlcek J, Salas P, Krska B, Babula P, Adam V, Kramarova D, Beklova M, Provaznik I, Kizek R, 2010. Effect of five different stages of ripening on chemical compounds in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Molecules, 16(1), 74-91.
• Ruiz-Rodríguez BM, de Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C, Fernández-Ruiz V, de Cortes Sánc-hez-Mata M, Cámara M, Tardío J, 2014. Wild blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) fruits as valuable sources of antioxidants. Fruits, 69(1), 61-73.
• Sánchez-Moreno C, Larrauri, JA, Saura-Calixto F, 1998. A procedure to measure the anti-radical efficiency of polyphenols. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 76: 270-276.
• Singleton VL, Rossi JA, 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144-158.
• Sokół-Łętowska A, Oszmiański J, Wojdyło A, 2007. Antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds of hawthorn, pine and skullcap. Food Chemistry, 103(3), 853-859.
• Topalovic A, Milukovic-Petkovsek M, 2010. Changes in sugars, organic acids and phenolics of grape berries of cultivar Cardinal during ripening. J Food Agric Environ, 8(3&4), 223-7.
• Yahia E, 2010. The contribution of fruit and vegetable consumption to human health. In: De La Rosa, L.A., Alvarez-Parrilla, E., Gonzalez-Aguilar, G.A. (Eds.), Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry, Nutritional Value and Stability. Wiley-Blackwell, USA, pp. 3–51.
• Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L, 2004. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 79(5), 727-747.