İklim Yönetiminde Finans-Politika Etkileşimleri: Politika Sıkılığı Karbon Vergilendirmesinin Etkisini Nasıl Artırıyor?

Year 2025, Issue: Özel Sayı 3, 262 - 278, 31.12.2025

Kağan Okatan

https://doi.org/10.33203/mfy.1829167

https://izlik.org/JA82FR56XA

Abstract

Bu çalışma, iklim finansmanı teorilerini ve kamu politikalarının yönetimini birleştirerek, ulusal düzeydeki katı politikaların, karbon vergilerinin CO₂ emisyonlarını azaltmadaki etkinliği üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. 1990-2020 yılları arasındaki 26 ülkelik dengesiz panel veri setine dayanarak, CPSI ile ölçülen iklim politikalarının katılığının bağımsız ve düzenleyici rollerini incelemek için sabit etkiler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu analiz, karbon vergilerinin kişi başına CO₂ emisyonlarını düşürmede etkili olduğunu gösterirken, CPSI' deki daha yüksek puanların bu süreçte bağımsız bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Daha da önemlisi, etkileşim terimi negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır; bu da politikaları sıkı bir şekilde düzenleyen iklimlerde, karbon vergilerinin marjinal etkisinin azaltma amacını daha da ilerlettiğine dair kesin kanıt sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Karbon Vergisi , İklim Politikası Sıkılığı , İklim Finansmanı , Çevre Yönetimi

Finance - Policy Interactions in Climate Management: How Policy Stringency Enhances the Impact of Carbon Taxation?

https://izlik.org/JA82FR56XA

Abstract

This paper examines the effects of national stringency of policies on the effectiveness of carbon taxes in mitigating CO₂ emissions, combining the theories of climate finance and the management of public policies. Based on a 26-country unbalanced panel dataset from 1990 to 2020, the fixed-effects method is employed to examine the independent and moderating roles of the stringency of climate policies as measured by the CPSI. This analysis shows that while carbon taxes are effective in lowering CO₂ emissions per capita, higher scores in the CPSI are an independent factor in this process. More importantly, the interaction term is negative and statistically significant, thus providing conclusive evidence that in climates that strictly regulate policies, the marginal effect of carbon taxes further advances the cause of mitigation.

Keywords

Carbon Tax , Climate Policy Stringency , Climate Finance , Environmental Management

References

• Bremer, A., & Sommer, S. (2025). Carbon pricing, innovation dynamics, and the long-term transition to low-carbon technologies. Energy Economics, 129, 106512.
• Chan, N. (2020). Long-term impacts of carbon pricing on firm investment behavior. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 101, 102304.
• Frohm, E., Gunnella, V., Mancini, M., & Papetti, A. (2023). Environmental policy stringency and sectoral emissions: Evidence from OECD countries. Environmental and Resource Economics, 85(2), 345–370.
• Grubb, M., McDowall, W., & Popp, D. (2023). The carbon pricing paradox and policy complementarity. Energy Policy, 175, 113381.
• Hedegaard, M., & Kongshøj, K. (2024). How policy stringency de-risks green investments: Evidence from OECD countries. Climate Policy, 24(1), 45–63.
• Hildebrandt, A., Olczak, M., & Keen, M. (2023). Carbon taxes after 2020: A review of empirical evidence. IMF Working Papers, WP/23/112.
• Kruse, T., Afridi, A., & Vollebergh, H. (2022). Updating the OECD environmental policy stringency index (OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 1732). OECD Publishing.
• Metcalf, G. E., & Stock, J. H. (2023). The role of complementary policies in carbon taxation effectiveness. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 15(2), 1–32.
• Morley, B. (2022). Environmental taxes and pollution intensity: New international evidence. Ecological Economics, 193, 107290.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Climate policy stringency index (CPSI) database. OECD Publishing.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Greenhouse gas emissions inventories. OECD Publishing.https://www.oecd.org/environment/air-and-climate/greenhouse-gas-emissions/
• Pigou, A. C. (1920). The economics of welfare. Macmillan.
• Roy, S. (2025). Carbon taxation, trade competitiveness, and green transition: A difference-in-differences analysis. Journal of International Economics, 146, 103865.
• Tello, M. (2025). Governance quality and the conditional effectiveness of climate policy instruments: Quasi-experimental evidence. Energy Policy, 181, 113922.
• van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., & Botzen, W. J. W. (2024). Political feasibility of carbon taxes and the role of complementary policy. Global Environmental Change, 83, 102783.
• World Bank. (2024). Carbon pricing dashboard. World Bank Group. https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/
• Yirong, L. (2022). Climate policy stringency and environmental quality in high-emission economies. Energy & Environment, 33(7), 1321–1345.