The Jewish Enlightenment Movement: Haskala

Abstract

“Haskalah”, i.e., the Jewish Enlightenment, denotes a movement that was established in Western Europe in the second half of the 18th century. Its purpose was to make Judaism conformable with the conditions of changing and developing world, to diffuse the European culture among the Jews and to integrate them into the societies in which they lived. Through the Haskala movement, which arose in parallel with the European Enlightenment, the Jews broke their crusts and began to assimilate the language, culture, knowledge, and ideals of the European society. Emerged in Western Europe, it later spread to Eastern Europe, and finally in Russia, when the Jews were accused of the assassination of Alexander II, leading to a violent anti-Semitism, it transformed to the Zionist movement. Therefore, the Haskalah movement had a key role not only in the emergence of the Jewish Reform movement but also in the rise of the Zionist thought

Keywords

• Haskala, Moses Mendelssohn, Naftali Herts Wessely, Yiddish

Yahudi Aydınlanma Hareketi: Haskala

Abstract

Yahudi Aydınlanması anlamına gelen “Haskala”, en geniş anlamda, Batı Avrupa’da ortaya çıkan, Yahudiliği değişen ve gelişen dünyanın şartlarına uyumlu hale getirmeye ve Yahudiler arasında modern Avrupa kültürünü yaymaya çalışan, içinde bulundukları toplumla bütünleşmesini amaçlayan bir akımdır. Avrupa genelindeki Aydınlanma’ya paralel olarak doğan Haskala hareketiyle, 1700'lü yıllarda Yahudiler kendi kabuğunu kırıp genel Avrupa toplumunun dilini, kültürünü, bilgi birikimini ve ideallerini benimsemeye başlamıştır. Batı Avrupa’da ortaya çıkan hareket, ardından Doğu Avrupa’ya yayılmış ve en sonunda Rusya’da, II. Alexander’in öldürülmesinden Yahudiler sorumlu tutulup Yahudi karşıtlığının artmasıyla Siyonist harekete dönüşmüştür. Bu yüzden Siyonizm’in düşünce temelinde Haskala’nın rolü büyük olmuştur.

Keywords

• Yahudi Aydınlanması, Moses Mendelssohn, Naftali Herts Wessely, Yidiş

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