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The Jewish Enlightenment Movement: Haskala

Year 2010, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 33 - 59, 01.03.2010

Abstract

“Haskalah”, i.e., the Jewish Enlightenment, denotes a movement that was established in Western Europe in the second half of the 18th century. Its purpose was to make Judaism conformable with the conditions of changing and developing world, to diffuse the European culture among the Jews and to integrate them into the societies in which they lived. Through the Haskala movement, which arose in parallel with the European Enlightenment, the Jews broke their crusts and began to assimilate the language, culture, knowledge, and ideals of the European society. Emerged in Western Europe, it later spread to Eastern Europe, and finally in Russia, when the Jews were accused of the assassination of Alexander II, leading to a violent anti-Semitism, it transformed to the Zionist movement. Therefore, the Haskalah movement had a key role not only in the emergence of the Jewish Reform movement but also in the rise of the Zionist thought

References

  • Adam, Baki, Yahudi Kaynaklarına Göre Tevrat, Seba yay., Ankara, 1997. Arkush, Allan, ‚The Questionable Judiasim for Moses Mendelssohn‛, New German Critique, (1999), No. 77.
  • Barzilay, Isaac Eisenstein, ‚Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) (A Study in Ideas and Attitudes)‛, The Jewish Quarterly Review, (1961), Vol. 52, No. 2.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet, Aydınlanma Felsefesi, (Felsefe Tarihi Cilt: 4), Ezgi Kitabevi, Bursa, 2002.
  • Cohn-Sherbok, Dan & Lavinia, Yahudiliğin Kısa Tarihi, (çev.: Bilal Baş), İz yay., İstanbul, 2010.
  • Cohn-Sherbok, Dan, Judaism, Routledge, London, 1999.
  • Çiğdem, Ahmet, Aydınlanma Düşüncesi, İletişim yay., İstanbul, 1993.
  • Dubin, Louis C., ‚The Social and Cultural Context: Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment‛, History of Jewish Philosophy, II, (Ed. Daniel H. Frank and Oliver Leaman), Routledge, London and New York, 1997.
  • Eisenberg, Ronald L., The Streets of Jerusalem- Who, What, Why, Devora Publishing Company, Israel, 2006.
  • Etkes, Immanuel, ‚Haskalah‛, The Yivo Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, (ed. Gershon David Hundert), I, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2008.
  • Feiner, Shmuel, The Jewish Enlightenment, (Translated by Chaya Naor), University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2004.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, ‚Yahudi Geleneğinde Reform Anlayışları‛, Milel ve Nihal, (2008), Cilt: 5, Sa: 2.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, Yahudilik, İsam yay., İstanbul, 2008.
  • Haumann, Heiko, A History of East European Jews, Central European University Press, New York, 2002.
  • Himelsten, Shmuel, ‚Heder‛, The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, (Ed.: R.J. Zwi Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
  • Himelsten, Shmuel, ‚Yeshivah‛, The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, (Ed.: R.J. Zwi Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
  • http://www.salom.com.tr/news/detail/8002-Alman-Yahudi-Toplumu-Birikilemin-oykusu.aspx (09.06.2010).
  • Johnson, Paul, A History of the Jews, A Phoenix Paperback, Great Britain, 1987.
  • Katz, Dovid, ‚Yiddish‛, The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, (Ed.: R.J. Zwi Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
  • Kuran, Neslihan, ‚Haskala’nın Yahudi Eğitimine Etkisi: Alliance Israélite Universelle ve Toplumsal Dönüşüm ‚İstanbul AIU Okulları Örneği ile‛, Milel ve Nihal, (2009), Cilt: 6, Sa.: 2.
  • Kurt, Ali Osman, ‚Lessing’in Bilge Nathan’ında ‘Üç Yüzük’ Metaforu Bağlamında ‘Dinî Çokluk’‛, Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, (2010), Cilt: 10, Sayı: 3.
  • Lamm, Norman, Torah Lishmah/Torah for Torah’s Sake, Ktav Publishing House, New Jersey, 1989.
  • Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Bilge Nathan, (çev.: Hayrullah Örs), Kültür Bakanlığı yay., Ankara, 1981.
  • Levy, Jonathan, Deviance and Social Control Among Haredi Adolescent Males, (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi), McGill University, Montreal, 2004.
  • Mandel, George, ‚Pinsker, Leon *Yehuda Leib+‛, Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, (ed.: Glenda Abramson), I, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
  • Metli, Ebru, Hasidizm’in Yahudi ve Öteki Anlayışı, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi S.B.E., Ankara, 2006.
  • Newman, Yacov and Gavriel Sivan, Judaism A-Z, (Editor: Avner Tomaschoff), Jerusalem, 1980.
  • Pelli, Moshe, ‚When Did Haskalah Begin? Establishing the Beginning of Haskalah Literature and Definition of ‚Modernism‛‛, Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, , XLIV, 1999.
  • Rubinstein, Hilary L. -Dan Cohn-Sherbok-Abraham J. Edelheit-William D. Rubinstein, The Jews in the Modern World: A History Since 1750, Oxford University Press, London, 2002.
  • Schechterman, Deborah, ‚Euchel, Isaac Abraham‛, Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, (ed.: Glenda Abramson), I, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
  • Shavit, Uzi, , ‚Haskalah *Enlightenment+‛, Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, (ed.: Glenda Abramson), I, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
  • Shochat, Azriel-Judith R. Baskin, ‚Haskalah‛, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Second Edition), (Ed. Fred Skolnik-Michael Berenbaum), Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, VIII, 2007.
  • Slutsky, Yehuda -Judith R. Baskin, ‚Haskalah in Russia‛, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Second Edition), (Ed. Fred Skolnik-Michael Berenbaum), Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, VIII, 2007.
  • Wodzinski, Marcin, Haskalah and Hasidism in the Kingdom of Poland/ A History of Conflict, (Translated by Sarah Cozens), The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, Oxford, 2005.

Yahudi Aydınlanma Hareketi: Haskala

Year 2010, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 33 - 59, 01.03.2010

Abstract

Yahudi Aydınlanması anlamına gelen “Haskala”, en geniş anlamda, Batı Avrupa’da ortaya çıkan, Yahudiliği değişen ve gelişen dünyanın şartlarına uyumlu hale getirmeye ve Yahudiler arasında modern Avrupa kültürünü yaymaya çalışan, içinde bulundukları toplumla bütünleşmesini amaçlayan bir akımdır. Avrupa genelindeki Aydınlanma’ya paralel olarak doğan Haskala hareketiyle, 1700'lü yıllarda Yahudiler kendi kabuğunu kırıp genel Avrupa toplumunun dilini, kültürünü, bilgi birikimini ve ideallerini benimsemeye başlamıştır. Batı Avrupa’da ortaya çıkan hareket, ardından Doğu Avrupa’ya yayılmış ve en sonunda Rusya’da, II. Alexander’in öldürülmesinden Yahudiler sorumlu tutulup Yahudi karşıtlığının artmasıyla Siyonist harekete dönüşmüştür. Bu yüzden Siyonizm’in düşünce temelinde Haskala’nın rolü büyük olmuştur.

References

  • Adam, Baki, Yahudi Kaynaklarına Göre Tevrat, Seba yay., Ankara, 1997. Arkush, Allan, ‚The Questionable Judiasim for Moses Mendelssohn‛, New German Critique, (1999), No. 77.
  • Barzilay, Isaac Eisenstein, ‚Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) (A Study in Ideas and Attitudes)‛, The Jewish Quarterly Review, (1961), Vol. 52, No. 2.
  • Cevizci, Ahmet, Aydınlanma Felsefesi, (Felsefe Tarihi Cilt: 4), Ezgi Kitabevi, Bursa, 2002.
  • Cohn-Sherbok, Dan & Lavinia, Yahudiliğin Kısa Tarihi, (çev.: Bilal Baş), İz yay., İstanbul, 2010.
  • Cohn-Sherbok, Dan, Judaism, Routledge, London, 1999.
  • Çiğdem, Ahmet, Aydınlanma Düşüncesi, İletişim yay., İstanbul, 1993.
  • Dubin, Louis C., ‚The Social and Cultural Context: Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment‛, History of Jewish Philosophy, II, (Ed. Daniel H. Frank and Oliver Leaman), Routledge, London and New York, 1997.
  • Eisenberg, Ronald L., The Streets of Jerusalem- Who, What, Why, Devora Publishing Company, Israel, 2006.
  • Etkes, Immanuel, ‚Haskalah‛, The Yivo Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, (ed. Gershon David Hundert), I, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2008.
  • Feiner, Shmuel, The Jewish Enlightenment, (Translated by Chaya Naor), University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2004.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, ‚Yahudi Geleneğinde Reform Anlayışları‛, Milel ve Nihal, (2008), Cilt: 5, Sa: 2.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, Yahudilik, İsam yay., İstanbul, 2008.
  • Haumann, Heiko, A History of East European Jews, Central European University Press, New York, 2002.
  • Himelsten, Shmuel, ‚Heder‛, The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, (Ed.: R.J. Zwi Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
  • Himelsten, Shmuel, ‚Yeshivah‛, The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, (Ed.: R.J. Zwi Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
  • http://www.salom.com.tr/news/detail/8002-Alman-Yahudi-Toplumu-Birikilemin-oykusu.aspx (09.06.2010).
  • Johnson, Paul, A History of the Jews, A Phoenix Paperback, Great Britain, 1987.
  • Katz, Dovid, ‚Yiddish‛, The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion, (Ed.: R.J. Zwi Werblowsky and Geoffrey Wigoder), Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.
  • Kuran, Neslihan, ‚Haskala’nın Yahudi Eğitimine Etkisi: Alliance Israélite Universelle ve Toplumsal Dönüşüm ‚İstanbul AIU Okulları Örneği ile‛, Milel ve Nihal, (2009), Cilt: 6, Sa.: 2.
  • Kurt, Ali Osman, ‚Lessing’in Bilge Nathan’ında ‘Üç Yüzük’ Metaforu Bağlamında ‘Dinî Çokluk’‛, Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, (2010), Cilt: 10, Sayı: 3.
  • Lamm, Norman, Torah Lishmah/Torah for Torah’s Sake, Ktav Publishing House, New Jersey, 1989.
  • Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Bilge Nathan, (çev.: Hayrullah Örs), Kültür Bakanlığı yay., Ankara, 1981.
  • Levy, Jonathan, Deviance and Social Control Among Haredi Adolescent Males, (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi), McGill University, Montreal, 2004.
  • Mandel, George, ‚Pinsker, Leon *Yehuda Leib+‛, Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, (ed.: Glenda Abramson), I, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
  • Metli, Ebru, Hasidizm’in Yahudi ve Öteki Anlayışı, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi S.B.E., Ankara, 2006.
  • Newman, Yacov and Gavriel Sivan, Judaism A-Z, (Editor: Avner Tomaschoff), Jerusalem, 1980.
  • Pelli, Moshe, ‚When Did Haskalah Begin? Establishing the Beginning of Haskalah Literature and Definition of ‚Modernism‛‛, Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, , XLIV, 1999.
  • Rubinstein, Hilary L. -Dan Cohn-Sherbok-Abraham J. Edelheit-William D. Rubinstein, The Jews in the Modern World: A History Since 1750, Oxford University Press, London, 2002.
  • Schechterman, Deborah, ‚Euchel, Isaac Abraham‛, Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, (ed.: Glenda Abramson), I, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
  • Shavit, Uzi, , ‚Haskalah *Enlightenment+‛, Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, (ed.: Glenda Abramson), I, Routledge, London and New York, 2005.
  • Shochat, Azriel-Judith R. Baskin, ‚Haskalah‛, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Second Edition), (Ed. Fred Skolnik-Michael Berenbaum), Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, VIII, 2007.
  • Slutsky, Yehuda -Judith R. Baskin, ‚Haskalah in Russia‛, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Second Edition), (Ed. Fred Skolnik-Michael Berenbaum), Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, VIII, 2007.
  • Wodzinski, Marcin, Haskalah and Hasidism in the Kingdom of Poland/ A History of Conflict, (Translated by Sarah Cozens), The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, Oxford, 2005.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ali Osman Kurt This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2010
Submission Date November 5, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Kurt, Ali Osman. “Yahudi Aydınlanma Hareketi: Haskala”. Milel ve Nihal 7/1 (March 2010), 33-59.