Stigma and Construction of Symbolic Power in Church’s Anti-Heretical Sermons in the High Middle Ages

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 167 - 191, 31.12.2023

Feyza Uzunoğlu Saçmalı

https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1398089

Abstract

Despite being primarily associated with theology, the term "heresy" has connections to the disciplines of political theology and sociology. The term heretic does not only refer to religious exclusion but it also refer to political defeat and social exclusion. The conflict between Church and dissent groups resulted with Albigensian Crusade and the establishment of the Inquisition in High Medieval Europe. However, this struggle required a well-built theoretical framework as well as practical bases to be carried out in the Languedoc region. By focusing on the Church's anti-heretical writings and sermons in the Middle Ages and the language which is used in, this study aims to shed light on the process of labelling, stigmatizing, excluding and criminalization of the dissent groups by using the methods of discourse analysis and interdisciplinary research. In this regard, metaphors of diseases such as leprosy and plague as well as biblical terms including little foxes and wolves in sheep's clothing will be addressed.

Keywords

Medieval European Heresy, Medieval Catholic Sermons, Stigma, Anti-heretic Sermons-Polemics

Orta Çağ’da Kilisenin Heresi Karşıtı Vaazlarında Damgalama ve Simgesel İktidar İnşası

Abstract

Din tarihi kadar politik teoloji ve sosyoloji alanlarını da yakından ilgilendiren heretik kavramı, dini açıdan kabul görmemenin yanında bir bakıma politik yenilgi ve sosyal dışlanmışlığın da ifadesidir. Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda muhalif grupların Kilise ile çatışması Albililer Haçlı Seferinin düzenlenmesi ve Engizisyon Mahkemelerinin kurulması gibi sert tedbirlerle sonuçlanmıştır. Ancak şüphesiz bu mücadelede esaslı bir teorik altyapının yanı sıra sahada gerçekleştirilecek pratik temellere ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu çalışma, Kilisenin söz konusu maksatla gerçekleştirdiği vaazlar ve heretikler için yazılan reddiyelerde kullanılan dil üzerine eğilerek, heretiklerin belirli metaforlar kullanılarak etiketlenip dışlanma ve kriminalleştirilme sürecine söylem analizi ve interdisipliner metotlar kullanılarak ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu minvalde cüzzam, veba gibi hastalık metaforlarının yanı sıra, küçük tilkiler, koyun kılığındaki kurtlar gibi Kutsal Kitabı referans gösteren terimlere dikkat çekilecektir.

Keywords

Orta Çağ Hıristiyan Heretikleri, Damgalama, Orta Çağ Katolik Vaazları, Reddiyeler

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