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Çokkültürlü Bilim Eğitimi: Türkiye’de Fen Bilimleri Öğretimi İçin Bir Gereklilik

Year 2024, , 571 - 590, 01.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1189910

Abstract

Tüm eğitim sistemleri iki temel üzerinde geliştirilir. Bunlar bilgi birikimini sağlayan kültür ve bilginin yayılmasını sağlayan iletişimdir. Bilim eğitiminde de kültür ve iletişim iki önemli temeli oluşturur. Bilim kültürü bilimin doğasını, bilimsel bilgileri, yöntemleri ve teknikleri kısacası bilimsel süreci ve içeriğini oluşturur. İletişim ise üretilen bilimsel bilgilerin, geliştirilen ve ortaya çıkarılan araç gereç ve yöntemlerin nasıl öğrenilebileceği, öğretilebileceği, paylaşılabileceği ve toplumun hangi bireylerinin kullanabileceğini belirler. Bilimsel terimler, kavramlar, semboller, formüller, ifadeler hem bilim kültürünün gelişimini hem de bilimsel iletişimin gerçekleşmesini sağlar. Dolayısıyla çokkültürlü bilim eğitiminin gelişimi fen sınıflarında başarılı bir bilim kültürü ve iletişim ortamının sağlanmasıyla gerçekleşebilir. Bu yazıda çerçevesi çizilmek istenen ana fikir iki temel yaklaşım sunmaktadır. İlki çokkültürlü bilim eğitiminin, gelecekte fen bilimleri eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiğine yönelik yaklaşımdır. Diğeri ise fen bilimleri öğretmenleri ve öğrencilerin yetiştirilme süreçlerinde çokkültürlü bilim düşüncesinin yer alması gerektiğidir. Bu açıdan mevcut çalışmanın başlıca iki yönüyle fen bilimleri öğretmenleri ve eğitim sistemimize katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Birincisi, bu çalışmanın amacı çokkültürlülük ve çokkültürlü bilim eğitimi kavramlarını bilimsel literatürde öne çıkan kuramlar yönünden tartışmak ve derlemektir. İkincisi, bu makale aynı zamanda eğitim sistemimiz açısından çokkültürlü bilim eğitiminin önemi ve gerekliliğine vurgu yapan odaklanmış bir görüş yazısıdır. Makalede öncelikle kültür, çokkültürlülük, toplum kavramları eğitim açısından irdelenmiştir. Daha sonra öğretim programları, öğretmenler ve öğrenciler yönüyle çokkültürlü bilim eğitimi felsefesi ve teorileri vurgulanmış; son kısımda ise sağladığı kazanımlar açısından çokkültürlü bilim eğitiminin ülkemizde bilim eğitimi için gerekli olduğu ifade edilmiştir.

References

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  • Aikenhead, G. S. (2006). Science education for everyday life: Evidence-based practice. Teachers College Press.
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  • Güçlü Yılmaz, F. (2020). Çokkültürlü eğitime ilişkin öğretmen algıları. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 49(226), 291-321.
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  • Haug, B. S., and Mork, S. M. (2021). Taking 21st century skills from vision to classroom: What teachers highlight as supportive professional development in the light of new demands from educational reforms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 100, 103286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103-286
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  • Horsthemke, K., and Yore, L. D. (2014). Challenges of Multiculturalism in Science Education: Indigenisation, Internationalisation, and Transkulturalität. In M. Matthews (Ed.), International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching (pp. 1759-1792). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_55
  • Jegede, O. J. (1997). School science and the development of scientific culture: A review of contemporary science education in Africa. International Journal of Science Education, 19(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069970190101
  • Keyman, E. F. (2007). Türkiye’de kimlik sorunları ve demokratikleşme. Doğu Batı Düşünce Dergisi, 41, 217-230.
  • Kim, S., Raza, M., and Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-century teaching skills: The key to effective 21st-century learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499919829214
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Year 2024, , 571 - 590, 01.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1189910

Abstract

References

  • Acar-Çiftçi, Y. (2019). Çokkültürlü eğitim: Öğretmen eğitimi ile ilgili yaklaşımlar. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 36-57.
  • Aikenhead, G. S. (1996). Science education: Border crossing into the subculture of science. Studies in Science Education, 27(1), 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057269608560077
  • Aikenhead, G. S. (2001). Integrating Western and Aboriginal Sciences: Cross-Cultural Science Teaching. Research in Science Education, 31(3), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013151709605
  • Aikenhead, G. S. (2006). Science education for everyday life: Evidence-based practice. Teachers College Press.
  • Aikenhead, G. S., and Jegede, O. J. (1999). Cross‐cultural science education: A cognitive explanation of a cultural phenomenon. Journal of research in science teaching, 36(3), 269-287.
  • American Psychological Association, APA. (2017). Multicultural guidelines: An ecological approach to context, identity, and intersectionality. http://www.apa.org/about/policy/multicultural-guidelines.pdf
  • Ash, A., and Wiggan, G. (2018). Race, multiculturalisms and the role of science in teaching diversity: towards a critical post-modern science pedagogy. Multicultural Education Review, 10(2), 94-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/2005615X.2018.1460894
  • Aslan, S. ve Aybek, B. (2020). Testing the effectiveness of interdisciplinary curriculum-based multicultural education on tolerance and critical thinking skill. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 6(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.6.1.43
  • Ateş, E. ve Aytekin, H. (2020). Küreselleşen dünyada çokkültürlülük ve yabancı dil eğitimi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(26), 4563-4579.
  • Atwater, M. M., Russell, M., and Butler, M. B. (Eds.). (2014). Multicultural science education: Preparing teachers for equity and social justice. Springer.
  • Banks, J. A. (1993). Multicultural education: Development, dimensions, and challenges. The Phi Delta Kappan, 75(1), 22-28.
  • Banks, J. A. (2008). Diversity, group identity, and citizenship education in a global age. Educational researcher, 37(3), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08317501
  • Banks, J. A. (2016). Cultural diversity and education: Foundations, curriculum, and teaching. Routledge.
  • Başbay, A. ve Bektaş, Y. (2009). Çokkültürlülük bağlamında öğretim ortamı ve öğretmen yeterlikleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 34(152), 30-43.
  • Blown, E. J., and Bryce, T. G. K. (2017). Switching Between Everyday and Scientific Language. Research in Science Education 47(3), 621–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9520-3
  • Carter, L. (2005). Globalisation and science education: Rethinking science education reforms. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(5), 561-580. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20066
  • Carter, L. (2008). Globalization and science education: The implications of science in the new economy. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(5), 617-633. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20189
  • Carter, P. L. (2010). Race and cultural flexibility among students in different multiracial schools. Teachers College Record, 112(6), 1529-1574. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811011200605
  • Cobern, W. W., and Loving, C. C. (2001). Defining “science” in a multicultural world: Implications for science education. Science Education, 85(1), 50-67.
  • Columna, L., Foley, J. T., and Lytle, R. K. (2010). Physical education teachers’ and teacher candidates’ attitudes toward cultural pluralism. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 29(3), 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.29.3.295
  • Council of Chief State School Officers, CCSSO. (2013, April). Interstate teacher assessment and support consortium InTASC Model core teaching standards and learning progressions for teachers 1.0: A resource for ongoing teacher development. Washington, DC. https://ccsso.org/sites/default/files/-2017-12/2013_INTASC_Learning_Progressions_for_Teachers.pdf
  • DeBoer, G. E. (2011). The globalization of science education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(6), 567-591. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20421.
  • Dhillon, P. (2022). How to write a good scientific review article. The FEBS Journal, 289(13), 3592-3602. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16565.
  • Doğan, C. (2017). The importance of multiculturalism in community interpreting. International Journal of Business Humanities and Technology, 7(2), 2162-1357.
  • Elmesky, R. (2011). Rap as a roadway: Creating creolized forms of science in an era of cultural globalization. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 6(1), 49-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-009-9239-9
  • Elmesky, R., and Seiler, G. (2007). Movement expressiveness, solidarity and the (re) shaping of African American students’ scientific identities. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 2(1), 73-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-007-9050-4
  • Erbas, Y. H. (2019). A Qualitative Case Study of Multicultural Education in Turkey: Definitions of Multiculturalism and Multicultural Education. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(1), 23-43.
  • Grimberg, B. I., and Gummer, E. (2013). Teaching science from cultural points of intersection. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(1), 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21066
  • Güçlü Yılmaz, F. (2020). Çokkültürlü eğitime ilişkin öğretmen algıları. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 49(226), 291-321.
  • Gürses, A., Açıkyıldız, M., Bayrak, R., Yalçın, M. ve Doğar, Ç. (2004). Fen eğitimi: Kültürel bir bakış̧. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 12(1), 31-40.
  • Haug, B. S., and Mork, S. M. (2021). Taking 21st century skills from vision to classroom: What teachers highlight as supportive professional development in the light of new demands from educational reforms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 100, 103286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103-286
  • Hess, D. J. (1995). Science and technology in a multicultural world: The cultural politics of facts and artifacts. Columbia University Press.
  • Higgins, M. (2021). Unsettling responsibility in science education: indigenous science, deconstruction, and the multicultural science education debate. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Horsthemke, K., and Yore, L. D. (2014). Challenges of Multiculturalism in Science Education: Indigenisation, Internationalisation, and Transkulturalität. In M. Matthews (Ed.), International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching (pp. 1759-1792). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_55
  • Jegede, O. J. (1997). School science and the development of scientific culture: A review of contemporary science education in Africa. International Journal of Science Education, 19(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069970190101
  • Keyman, E. F. (2007). Türkiye’de kimlik sorunları ve demokratikleşme. Doğu Batı Düşünce Dergisi, 41, 217-230.
  • Kim, S., Raza, M., and Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-century teaching skills: The key to effective 21st-century learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499919829214
  • Kim, S. K., and Chang Rundgren, S. N. (2021). South Korean elementary school teachers’ experiences of inclusive education concerning students with a multicultural background. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(12), 1327-1341. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1609606
  • Kozikoğlu, İ. ve Yıldırımoğlu S. (2021). Öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik tutumları ile kapsayıcı eğitimde sınıf içi uygulamaları arasındaki ilişki. Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 51, 226-244. https://doi.org/ 10.53444/deubefd.827397
  • Krugly-Smolska, E. (1996). Scientific culture, multiculturalism and the science classroom. Science and Education, 5(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426438
  • Kumar, A., and Brown, R. A. (1999). Teaching science from a world‐cultural view point. Science as Culture, 8(3), 357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505439909526551
  • Kymlicka, W. (2010). The rise and fall of multiculturalism? New debates on inclusion and accommodation in diverse societies. International Social Science Journal, 61(199), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2010.01750.x
  • Lee, H., Lee, H., and Zeidler, D. L. (2020). Examining tensions in the socioscientific issues classroom: Students' border crossings into a new culture of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 57(5), 672-694. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21600
  • Lemke, J. L. (1990). Talking science: language, learning and values. Westport. CT: Ablex Publishing.
  • Lemke, J. L. (1998). Teaching All the Languages of Science: Words, Symbols, Images, and Actions. La Caixa conference on science education, Barcelona. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4022.5608
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  • Matthews, M. R. (2014). Science teaching: The contribution of history and philosophy of science. Routledge.
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derleme Makalesi
Authors

Mustafa B. Aktan 0000-0002-4160-1406

Publication Date February 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Aktan, M. B. (2024). Çokkültürlü Bilim Eğitimi: Türkiye’de Fen Bilimleri Öğretimi İçin Bir Gereklilik. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 53(241), 571-590. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1189910