ÖĞRENCİ DEVAMSIZLIĞININ AZALTILMASINA YÖNELİK ULUSLARARASI STRATEJİLER VE UYGULAMA ÖRNEKLERİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, okula tam ve etkili katılımın öğrencilerin gelecekleri açısından taşıdığı önem odağında uluslararası alanda başta temel eğitim olmak üze- re farklı eğitim kademelerinde okul devamsızlığına karşı geliştirilen uygulama örnekleri ve stratejilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca devamsızlıkla mücadele kapsamında farklı ülkelerin farklı uygulamalarına ilişkin farkındalık oluşturularak eğitimcilere ve politika yapıcılara bu konuda yol gösterilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma nitel yöntemlerden doküman incelemesine göre yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin devamsızlık durumu ele alınmış ve literatür taraması yoluyla konuya ilişkin veriler toplanarak analiz edilmiştir. Alanyazınında devamsızlığa ilişkin farklı ülke uygulamaları araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, ülkelerin devamsızlıkla mücadele süreçlerinde takip ettikleri yaklaşımlar, uygulamalar ve stratejiler incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ülkeler birbirinden farklı olsa da okul devamsızlığına karşı genelden özele 3 aşamalı bir yaklaşım takip ettiği görülmektedir. Çalışmalarda genel olarak okullarda devamsızlığı engellemeye ilişkin stratejiler olarak erken teşhis ve müdahale, sürecin izlenmesi, davranış değerlendirmesi, kanıt destekli süreçler, ekip bazlı bir yaklaşımlar ve yasal süreçler şeklinde belirtilmiştir.

Keywords

• Öğrenci Devamsızlığı,Devamsızlıkla Mücadele,Devamsızlığı Önleme Stratejileri

References

1. Austin, J. B., Selvaraj, S., & Russell, C. (2004). Childhood asthma in the highlands of ScotlandMorbidity and school absence. Scottish medical journal, 49(1), 18-21.
2. Balfanz, R., & Byrnes, V. (2012). Chronic absenteeism: Summarizing what we know from nationally available data. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Center for Social Organization of Schools.
3. BBC (2005). Truancy: How do countries compare? Retrieved August 11, 2019, from: http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4238687.stm
4. Berndt, R.P., Neuthinger, G., Herzog, D., &Schultze, A. (2005). Germany, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeism in European Schools(pp.51-63). Münster: Lit
5. De Walque, D., & Valente, C. (2018). Incentivizing school attendance in the presence of parent-child in formation frictions. Policy Research WorkingPaper, No. WPS 8476. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. Retrieved August 1, 2019, from: http://documents.worldbank.org/cu- rated/en/720071529003623702/Incentivizing-school-attendance-in-the-presence-of-parent-child-information-frictions
6. Eggert, M. (2019). How to lower chronic absenteeism rates in kindergarten through fifth-grade students. In the 12th Annual Graduate Student Symposium. University of Northern Iowa
7. Grewe, N. (2005). Absenteeism in European Schools. Münster: Lit
8. Henry, K. L. (2007). Who’s skipping school: Characteristics of truants in 8th and 10th grade. Journal of School Health, 77(1), 29-35.

9. Huguerre, D., & Liberal, A. (2005) France, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeism in European Schools (pp.21-50). Münster: Lit
10. Husso, J. P. & Maatta, O. (2005) Finland, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeism in European Schools (pp.11- 20). Münster: Lit
11. Jordan, P. (2019). Attendance play book smart solutions for reducing chronic absenteeism. Retrieved August 15, 2019, from https://www.future-ed.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Attendance-Playbook.pdf
12. Juhasz, I., Papp, A. & Selmeczi, J. (2005) Hungary, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeism in European Schools (pp.64-85). Münster: Lit
13. Karataş, Z. (2017). Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında paradigma değişimi: Nitel yaklaşımın yükselişi.Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 68-86.
14. Kearney, C. A. (2003). Bridging the gap among professionals who address youths with school absenteeism: Overview and suggestions for consensus. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(1), 57.
15. Kearney, C. A. (2008). School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: A contemporary review. Clinical psychology review, 28(3), 451-471.
16. Kearney, C. A., & Graczyk, P. (2014). A response to intervention model to promote school attendance and decrease school absenteeism, Child & Youth Care Forum, 43(1), pp. 1-25
17. Kim, J. S., & Streeter, C. L. (2008). Increasing school attendance: Effective strategies and interventions. In C. Franklin, M. B. Harris, & P. Allen-Meares (Eds.), The school practitioner’s concise companions. The school practitioner’s concise companion to preventing drop out and attendance problems (pp. 3-12). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370577.003.0001
18. King, N., Dewey, C., & Borish, D. (2015). Determinants of primary school nonenrollment and absenteeism: results from a retrospective, convergent mixed methods, cohort study in rural Western Kenya. PloSone, 10(9), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138362
19. Lewandowska, J., Janiak A., & Wickert, H. M. (2005). Poland, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeismin European Schools (pp.119-118). Münster: Lit
20. Merriam, S. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Revised and expanded from case study research in education. USA: JB Printing.
21. New Jersey Department of Education. (2018). Getting students to school: strategies for improving attendance and reducing chronic absenteeism. Retrieved August 13, 2019, from:https://www. state.nj.us/education/students/safety/behavior/attendance/ImprovingAttendance.pdf
22. OECD. (2014).Who are the school truants? Retrieved August 12, 2019, fromhttp://www.oecd.org/ pisa/pisaproducts/pisainfocus/PISA-in-Focus-n35-(eng)-FINAL.pdf
23. Papps, P., Howard, J., &Collick, J. (2005). United Kingdom, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeismin European Schools (pp.151-118). Münster: Lit.
24. Parker, S., & Todd, P. (2017). Conditionalcashtransfers: Thecase of progesa/oportunidades. Journal of EconomicLiterature, 55, 866-915.
25. Ramberg, J., Brolin Låftman, S., Fransson, E., & Modin, B. (2019). School effectiveness and truancy: a multi level study of upper secondary schools in Stockholm. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 24(2), 185-198.
26. Rivers, B. (2010). Truancy: Causes, Effects, and Solutions. Education Masters, Paper 107. Retrieved August 13, 2019, fromhttp://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_ETD_masters/107
27. Robinson, C. D., Lee, M. G., Dearing, E., & Rogers, T. (2018). Reducing student absenteeism in the early grades by targeting parental beliefs. American Educational Research Journal, 55(6), 1163-1192.
28. Chicago Rodriguez, J. I., Caballo, E. G., &Morchon, C (2005). Spain, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeismin European Schools (pp.133-150). Münster: Lit.
29. Sheldon, S. B. (2007). Improving student attendance with school, family, and community partnerships. The Journal of Educational Research, 100(5), 267-275.DOI: 10.3200/ JOER.100.5.267- 275
30. Sakınç, S. (2013). Öğrenci devamsızlığı nedenleri, sonuçları ve çözüm önerileri: Müdahale eylem planı.Uşak: GroupA Danışmanlık.
31. Skedgell, K., & Kearney, C. A. (2018). Predictors of school absenteeism severity at multiple levels: A classification and regression tree analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 86, 236- 245.
32. SOU 2016:94. (2016). Saknad! Uppmärksamma elevers frånvaro och agera. [Missing! Pay attention to students’ absenteeism and act]. Elanders Sverige AB: Stockholm
33. Stempel, H., Cox-Martin, M., Bronsert, M., Dickinson, L. M., & Allison, M. A. (2017). Chronic school absenteeism and the role of adverse childhood experiences. Academic pediatri- cs, 17(8), 837-843.
34. Strand, A. S. M. (2014). ‘School–no thanks–it ain’t my thing’: accounts for truancy. Students’ perspectives on their truancy and school lives. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(2), 262-277.
35. Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Wilson, S. J. (2013). A meta-analysis of the effects of dropout prevention programs on school absenteeism. Prevention science, 14(5), 468-478.
36. Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2005) Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
37. Velthoen, H., Adamczyk, J.V. (2005).The Netherlands, In N. Grewe (Ed.), Absenteeism in European Schools (pp.86-102.). Münster: Lit.
38. Wagstaff, M., Combs, L., & Jarvis, B. (2000). Solving high school attendance problems: A Case Study. Journal of At-Risk Issues, 7(1), 21-30.
39. Williams, L. L. (2001). Applying interventions to prevent or reduce excessive absences in a high school setting: An action research study (Doctoral dissertation). GA: Valdosta State University.