Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants

Fatma Gonca Koçancı; Belma Aslım

Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 01.06.2016

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), defined as a neurodegenerative condition, are characterized by progressive loss of memory. Cholinergic loss is one of the most important marker of the accurate diagnosis of AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi) is the most important group of drugs for AD. But none of the indentified AChEi’s were able to cure the disease. For this reason, studies on the particularly determination of agents that have preventive and therapeutic potential on the AD become an important research field. Researchers have also begun to work on the the discovery of curative and preventive effect of the substance for AD. In this review will be informed about the structure, functions of AChE and AChEi from plants.

Keywords

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Alzheimer's disease, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi’s) from plants

References

Shute CCD, Lewis PR, Brain. 90 (1967) 497-520.
Semba K, Behav Brain Res 115 (2000) 117–141.
Sulak O, Malas MA, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi:9-( 3 ) (2002) 14 - 17.
Tripathi A, Srivastava UC, Annals of Neurosciences 15, (2008) 4.
Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA, Lippincott William & Wilkins, Baltimore, 22-49, (2001) 791-795.
Erickson JD, Varoqui H, Schafer MK, Modi W, Diebler MF, Weihe E, Rand J, Eiden LE, Bonner TI and Usdin
TB, J.Biol.Chem. 269, (1994) 21929-21932.
Weihe E, TaoCheng JH, Schafer MK, Erickson JD and Eiden LE, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 93, (1996) 3547-
Serdaroğlu P, Deymeer F, Kas ve Nöromüsküler Kavşak Hastalıkları. Nöroloji Ders E-Kitabı, Öge, A.E.
Baykan, B. Editörler, http://www.itfnoroloji.org/kas/kas.html (Son erişim tarihi: 15.02.2011)
Thacker PD, Drug Discovery Today, 1: (2003) 8- 9.
Pillay R, Maharaj DS, Daniel S, Daya S, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 27: (2003) 61-64.
Sussman JL, Hare M, Frolow F, Oefner C, Goldman A, Toker L, Silman I, Science 253: (1991) 872–9.
Sussman JL, Harel M, Frolow F, Varon L, Toker L, Futerman AH, and Silman I, C. J. Mol. Biol. 203 (1988) -823.
Taylor P, J. Biol. Chem, 266 (1991) 4025-4028.
Ma JC, Dougherty DA, Chem. ReV, 97 (5): (1997) 1303-1324.
Harel M, Schalkt I, Ehret-Sabatiert L, Bouett F, Goeldnert M, Hirtht C, Axelsen PH, Silmanii I, Sussman JL
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90 (19): (1993) 9031-9035.
Wiesner J, Kriz Z, Kuca K, Jun D, Koča J, Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 22:4 (2007) -424.
Dan C, Ya-fei P, Chuan-jun L, Yun-feng X, Yu-ren J, 978 (2012) 953-51.
Schumacher M, Camp S, Maulet Y, Newton M, MacPhee-Quigley K,Taylor SS, Friedmann T, Taylor P, Nature (1986) 407-9.
Guo L, Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers (2008) 421.
Botti SA, Felder CE, Sussman JL, Silman I, Protein Eng 11, (1998) 415–420.
Scholl FG, Scheiffele P, Trends Neurosci, 26 (2003) 618–624.
Sharma KV, Koenigsberger C, Brimijoin S, Bigbee JW, J Neurosci Res 63, (2001) 165–175.
Anderson AA, Ushakov DS, Ferenczi MA, Saffel JL, J Cell Physiol (2007) doi:10.1002/ jcp.21288.
Genever PG, Birch MA, Brown E, Skerry TM, Bone 24, (1999) 297–303.
Inkson CA, Brabbs AC, Grewal TS, Skerry TM, Genever PG, Bone 35, (2004) 819–827.
Layer PG, Weikert T, Alber R, Cell Tissue Res 273, (1993) 219–226.
Layer PG, Sporns O, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84, (1987) 284–288.
Koenigsberger C, Chiappa S, Brimijoin S, J Neurochem 69, (1997) 1389–1397.
Grifman M, Galyam N, Seidman S, Soreq H, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, (1998) 13935–13940.
Bigbee JW, Sharma KV, Chan EL, Bogler O, Brain Res 861, (2000) 354–362.
Paraoanu LE, Layer PG, FEBS J 275, (2008) 618–624.
Hohmann CF, Berger-Sweeney J, J Neurobiol 37, (1998) 595–606.
Hohman, CF, Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27, (2003) 351–363.
Robitzki A, Mack A, Hoppe U, Chatonnet A, Layer PG, Eur J Neurosci 9, (1997) 2394–2405.
Robitzki A, Mack A, Hoppe U, Chatonnet A, Layer PG, J Neurochem 71, (1998) 413–420.
Layer PG, Robitzki A, Rothermel A, Willbold E, Trends Neurosci 25, (2002) 131–134.
Xie W, Stribley JA, Chatonnet A, Wilder PJ, Rizzino A, McComb RD, Taylor P, Hinrichs SH, Lockridge O, J
Pharmacol Exp Ther 293, (2000) 896–902.
Mesulam MM, Guillozet A, Shaw P, Levey A, Duysen EG, Lockridge O, Neuroscience 110, (2002). 627–639.
Bytyqi AH, Lockridge O, Duysen E, Wang Y, Wolfrum U, Layer PG, Eur J Neurosci 20, (2004) 2953–2962.
Grisaru D, Sternfeld M, Eldor A, Glick D, Soreq H, Eur.J.Biochem. 264, (1999) 672–686.
Paulus JM, Maigne J, Keyhani E, Blood 58, (1981) 1100–1106.
Tranumjensen J, Behnke O, Eur.J.CellBiol. 24, (1981) 281–286.
Zhang XJ, Yang L, Zhao Q, Caen JP, He HY, Jin QH, Guo LH, Alemany M, Zhang LY, Shi YF, Cell Death
Differ. 9, (2002) 790–800.
Jin QH, He HY, Shi YF, Lu H, Zhang XJ, Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 25, (2004) 1013–1021.
Yang L, He HY, Zhang XJ, Neu- rosci.Res. 42, (2002) 261–268.
Jing P, Jin Q, Wu J, Zhang XJ, J. Neurochem. 104, (2008) 409–419.
Steinritz D, Emmler J, Hintz M, Worek F, Kreppel H, Szinicz L, Kehe K, Life Sci. 80, (2007) 2199–2201.
Toiber D, Berson A, Greenberg D, Melamed-Book N, Diamant S, Soreq H, PLoS ONE 3, (2008) e3108.
doi:10.1371/jour- nal.pone.0003108N.
Hu T, Fu Q, Liu X, Zhang H, Dong M, J. Neuroimmunol. 211, (2009) 84–91.
Xiao R, Qiao JT, Zhao HF, Liang J, Yu HL, Liu J, Guo AM, Wang W, Neurotoxicology 27, (2006) 478–484.
Gearhart JD, Mintz B, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 71, (1974) 1734–1738.
Takahashi S, Shan AL, Ritland SR, Delacey KA, Bostwick DG, Lieber MM, Thibodeau SN, Jenkins RB
Cancer Res. 55, (1995) 4114–4119.
Johnson E, Cotter FE, Blood Rev. 11, (1997) 46–55.
Dich J, Zahm SH, Hanberg A, Adami HO, Cancer Causes Control 8, (1997) 420–443
Cabello G, Valenzuela M, Vilaxa A, Durán V, Rudolph I, Hrepic N, Calaf G, Environ. HealthPerspect. 109 (2001) 471–479.
Abou-Donia MB, Arch.Environ. Health 58, (2003) 484–497.
Stephenson J, Czepulkowski B, Hirst W, Mufti GJ, Leuk. Res. 20, (1996) 235–241.
Montenegro, MF, Ruiz-Espejo F, Campoy FJ, Muñoz-Delgado E, de la Cadena MP, Rodríguez- Berrocal FJ
Vidal CJ, Cell. Mol.LifeSci. 63, (2006) 2175–2182.
Qavi H, Al-Rajhi AA, In vivo 23, (2009) 679–683.
Zhao YJ, Wang X, Wang T, Hu X, Hui X, Yan M, Gao Q, Chen T, Li J, Yao M, et al., Hepatology 53, (2011) –503.
Nelson L, Fed. Proc. 37, (1978) 2543–2547.
Nelson L, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 45, (1990) 876–882.
Nelson L, McGrady V, Fangboner ME, NewYork, NY: Academic Press, (1970) 465–478.
Chakraborty J, Nelson L, Biol. Reprod. 15, (1976) 579–585.
Cariello, L, Romano G, Nelson L, Gamete Res. 14, (1986) 323–332.
Cangialosi MV, Puccia E, Mansueto V, D’Agati P, Caryologia 59, (2006) 366–370.
Falugi C, Eur. J. Histochem. 37, (1993) 287–294.
Angelini C, Baccetti B, Piomboni P, Trombino S, Aluigi MG, Stringara S, Gallus L, Falugi C, Eur.J.
Histochem. 49, (2004) 235–244.
Ivonnet PI, Chambers EL, Zygote 5, (1997) 277–287.
Drews U, Prog. Histochem. Cytochem. 7, (1975) 1–52.
Fluck RA, Shih TM, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. CComp. Pharmacol. 70, (1981) 129–130.
Fluck RA, Wynshaw-Boris AJ, Schneider LM, Comp. Biochem. Physiol.C. 67C, (1980) 29–34.
Le Douarin NM, Ann. N.Y.Acad. Sci. 486, (1986) 66–86.
Weinberger C, Penner PL, Brick IY, Am. Zool. 24, (1984) 545–554.
Ohta K, Takahashi C, Tosuji H, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 153, (2009) 310–316.
Bigbee JW, Sharma KV, Neurochem. Res. 29, (2004) 2043–2050.
Anderson AA, Ushakov DS, Ferenczi MA, Mori R, Martin P, Saffell JL, J. Cell. Physiol. 215, (2008) 82–100.
Massoulié J, Perrier N, Noureddine H, Liang D, Bon S, Chem. Biol. Interact. 175, (2008) 30–44.
Liang D, Blouet JP, Borrega F, Bon S, Massoulié J, FebsJ. 276, (2009) 94–108.
Arsava M, Selekler K (Ed), Güneş Kitabevi, (2003) pp 1-3.
Lieo A, Greenberg S, Growdon J, Annu. Rev. Med. 57, (2006) 513–533.
Mayo Clinic. “Alzheimer's disease”. http://mayoclinic.com/health/ alzheimers-disease/DS00161, Son erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2013.
World Alzheimer Report (2015) http://www.alz.co.uk/research/world-report-2015
Francis PT, Palmer A, Snape M, Wilcock GK, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66, (1999) 137-147.
Bowen DM, Smith CB, White P, Davison AN, Brain 99, (1976) 459-496.
Perry EK, Perry RH, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 4, (1978) 273-277.
Rylett RJ, Ball MJ, Colhoun EH, Brain Res 289, (1983) 169-175.
Nilsson L, Nordberg A, Hardy J, Wester P, Winblad B, J Neural Transm 67, (1986) 275-285.
Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, Clark AW, Coyle JT, Delon MR, Science 215, (1982) 1237-1239.
Fodale V, Quattrone D, Trecroci C, Caminiti V, Santamaria LB, Br J Anaesth 97, (2006) 445-452.
Levin ED, Toll K, Chang G, Med Chem Res 6, (1996) 543-554.
Levin ED, Dama MJ, Glassco W, May EL, Martin BR, Drug Dev Res 46, (1999) 107-111.
Musial A, Bajda M, Malawska B, Curr Med Chem 14, (2007) 2654-2679.
Kar S, Slowikowski SP, Westaway D, Mount HT, J Psychiatry Neurosci 29, (2004) 427-441.
Savioz A, Leuba G, Vallet PG, Walzer C, Brain Res Bull 80, (2009) 309-314.
Rosato Siri, M, Cattaneo A, Cherubini E, J Physiol 576, (2006) 361-377.
Lee VM, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, (2001) 8931-8932.
Schubert P, Ogata T, Marchini C, Ferroni S, Mech Ageing Dev 123, (2001) 47-57.
Selkoe DJ, Physiol Rev 81, (2001) 741-766.
Erdoğmuş B, Erciyes Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi (2014) 31-37.
Davies P, Maloney AJ, Lancet 2 (1976) 1403.
Smith CB, Bowen DM, J Neurochem 27 (1976) 1521-1528.
Arendt T, Bigl V, Tennstedt A, Arendt A, Neuroscience 14 (1985) 1-14.
Geula C, Mesulam MM, Raven Press, New York. (1994) 263-291.
Iraizoz I, de Lacalle S, Gonzalo LM, Neuroscience 41 (1991) 33-40.
Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, Clark AW, Coyle JT, Delon MR, Science 215 (1982a) 1237-1239.
Whitehouse PJ, Struble RG, Clark AW, Price DL Ann Neurol 12 (1982b) 494.
Perry EK, Marshall EF, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Perry RH, Br J Psychiatry 142 (1983) 188-192.
Drachman DA, Leavitt J, J Exp Psychol 93 (1972) 302-308.
Carol M, Troy GS, Journal of Neuroscience Research, 69 (2002) 145-150.
Silveyra M X, García-Ayllón M S, de Barreda EG, Small DH, Martínez S, Avila J, Sáez-Valero J, Neurobiol. Aging, 33(3) (2011) 624.e23-34.
García-Sierra F, J Alzheimers Dis, 14 (2008) 401-9.
Sberna G, Sáez-Valero J, Beyreuther K, Masters CL, Small DH, J. Neurochem, 69, (1997) 1177–1184.
Cacabelos R, Barquero M, Garcia P, Alvaez XA, Varela de Seijas E, Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 13 (1991) 455-458.
Blum-Degen D, Muller T, Kuhn W, Gerlach M, Przuntek H, Riederer P, Neurosci Lett, 29(202): (1995) 17-
Walker D, McGeer E, McGeer P, Clinical Neuroimmunology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific (1997) 172–
McGeer P, CNS Drugs. 7: (1997) 214–287.
Hori K, Konishi K, Tomioka H, Tani M., Minegishi G, (2012) Rewiev, S4:001. doi:10.4172/2161-0479.S4-
Jeger RV, European Heart Journal 34 (2013) 2580-2581.
Watkins PB, Pharmacogenetics. 4: (1994) 171–184.
Wells BG, DiPiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Hamilton CW, editors. Pharmacotherapy handbook. Stamford (CT): Appleton & Lange, (1998) 203-217.
Ercan S, Demans Dergisi 2: (2002) 5-9.
Liu F, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Hart G W, Gong CX, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 10804-
Liu J, Zhao ML, Brosnan CF, Lee SC 157(8): (1996) 3569–3576.
Zhang HY, Tang XC, Neurosci Lett 292; (2000) 41–44.
Shi DH, Wu JH, Ge HM, Tan RX, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 28 (1): (2009) 30–36
Jun G, Aichun J, Dazheng Z, Dekun L, Wei Z, Wanli G, Bing L, Li L, Yanjie L, Ying H, Meizhen S, Yunhua W, Zhengliang Y, Ruichao L, Molecules. 20, (2015) 683-692.
Luo H, Li C, Kim JC, Liu Y, Jung JS, Koh YJ, Hur JS, J Microbiol Biotechnol. 23(2): (2013) 161-166.
Wang Y, Pan W, Liang W, Law W, Tsz-Ming Ip D, Ng T, Miu-Yee Waye M, Chi-Cheong Wan D, EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013)
Tabet N, Ageing, 35(4): (2006) 336-338.
Gambi F, Reale M, Iarlori C, Salone A, Toma L, Paladini C, De Luca G, Feliciani C, Salvatore M, Salerno
RM, et al, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 24(3): (2004) 314-321.
Reale M, Iarlori C, Gambi F, Lucci I, Salvatore M, Gambi D, Exp Gerontol 40: (2005) 165–171.
Reale M, Iarlori C, Gambi F, Feliciani C, Lucci I, Gambi D, Neuropharmacology, 50(5) (2006) 606-613.
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=147
Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Jimenez L, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, (2004) 727–747.
Houghton PJ, Howes MJ, Neurosignals.14 (1–2): (2005) 6–22.
Wszelaki N, Kuciun A, Karolina Kiss A, Acta Pharm, 60: (2010) 119–128.
Rehman EU, Ethno Leaflets, 10: (2006) 254–264.
Syad AN, Devi KP, Targets and Therapy 4: (2014) 11–26.
Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV, Oxid Med Cell Longev. (2013) 1–18.
Weinreb O, Mandel S, Amit T, Youdim MB, J Nutr Biochem.15(9): (2004) 506–516.
Albarracin SL, Stab B, Casas Z, Nutr. Neurosci.15(1) (2012) 1–9.
Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Mal M, Houghtona PJ. Phytomedicine, 14 (2007) 289-300.
Birks J, Grimley Evans J, Iakovidou V, Tsolaki M. Rev.;2: (2009) CD001191.
Pettenati C, Annicchiarico R, Caltagirone C, Fundam Clin Pharmacol.17(6): (2003) 659–672.
Mehta M, Adem A, Sabbagh M, J Alzheimers Dis” (2012) 728983.
Orhan G, Orhan I, Öztekin-Subutay N, Ak F, Sener B, Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 4(1): (2009) 43–51.
Approves the First Treatment for Dementia of Parkinson's Disease U.S. FDA News Release. (2016).
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm498442.htm
Tang XC, Han Y, CNS Drug Rev. 5(3): (1999) 281–300.
Tang XC, He XC, Bai DL, Drugs Future. 24(6): (1999) 647–663.
Saxena A, Qian N, Kovach IM, Protein Sci. 3(10): (1994) 1770–1778.
Chandra V, Pandav R, Dodge HH, Johnton M, Belle SH, DeKosky ST, Maay Gnaguli. Neurology. 57(6) (2001) 985-989.
Vas CJ, Pinto C, Panikker D, Noronha S, Deshpande N, Kulkarni L, et al, Int Psychogeriatr. 13(4): (2001) -450.
Ng TP, Chiam PC, Lee T, Chua HC, Lim L, Kua EH. Am J Epidemiol. 164(9): (2006) 898-906.
Syad AN, Devi KP, Bot Targets Ther. 4: (2014) 11–26.
Katiyar C, Gupta A, Kanjilal S, Katiyar S, Ayu. 33(1): (2012) 10-9.
Klinik Araştırmalar Hakkında Yönetmelik (2011) R.G. No: 28617.

Asetilkolinesterazın Yapısı ve Fonksiyonları ve Bitkilerin Asetilkolinesteraz İnhibitör Etkileri

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 19 - 35, 01.06.2016

Fatma Gonca Koçancı Belma Aslım

Abstract

Alzheimer Hastalığı (AH), hafızanın sürekli bir şekilde azalması ile karakterize edilen nörodejeneratif bir durumdur. AH’nin kesin tanısında en önemli belirteçlerden biri kolinerjik kayıptır. AH’ye yönelik en önemli ilaç grubu asetilkolinesteraz inhibitörleridir (AChEi). Fakat mevcut AChEi ilaçların hiçbirinde tam başarı elde edilememiştir. Bu sebeple, AH üzerinde etkili olacak koruyucu ve tedavi edici potansiyeli olan ajanların tespitene yönelik çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bu derlemede AChE’nin yapısı, fonksiyonları ve AChEi bitkiler hakkında bilgi verilecektir

Keywords

Asetilkolinesteraz (AChE), Alzheimer hastalığı, Biktisel asetilkolinesteraz inhibitörleri (AChEi’leri)

References

Shute CCD, Lewis PR, Brain. 90 (1967) 497-520.
Semba K, Behav Brain Res 115 (2000) 117–141.
Sulak O, Malas MA, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi:9-( 3 ) (2002) 14 - 17.
Tripathi A, Srivastava UC, Annals of Neurosciences 15, (2008) 4.
Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA, Lippincott William & Wilkins, Baltimore, 22-49, (2001) 791-795.
Erickson JD, Varoqui H, Schafer MK, Modi W, Diebler MF, Weihe E, Rand J, Eiden LE, Bonner TI and Usdin
TB, J.Biol.Chem. 269, (1994) 21929-21932.
Weihe E, TaoCheng JH, Schafer MK, Erickson JD and Eiden LE, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 93, (1996) 3547-
Serdaroğlu P, Deymeer F, Kas ve Nöromüsküler Kavşak Hastalıkları. Nöroloji Ders E-Kitabı, Öge, A.E.
Baykan, B. Editörler, http://www.itfnoroloji.org/kas/kas.html (Son erişim tarihi: 15.02.2011)
Thacker PD, Drug Discovery Today, 1: (2003) 8- 9.
Pillay R, Maharaj DS, Daniel S, Daya S, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 27: (2003) 61-64.
Sussman JL, Hare M, Frolow F, Oefner C, Goldman A, Toker L, Silman I, Science 253: (1991) 872–9.
Sussman JL, Harel M, Frolow F, Varon L, Toker L, Futerman AH, and Silman I, C. J. Mol. Biol. 203 (1988) -823.
Taylor P, J. Biol. Chem, 266 (1991) 4025-4028.
Ma JC, Dougherty DA, Chem. ReV, 97 (5): (1997) 1303-1324.
Harel M, Schalkt I, Ehret-Sabatiert L, Bouett F, Goeldnert M, Hirtht C, Axelsen PH, Silmanii I, Sussman JL
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90 (19): (1993) 9031-9035.
Wiesner J, Kriz Z, Kuca K, Jun D, Koča J, Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 22:4 (2007) -424.
Dan C, Ya-fei P, Chuan-jun L, Yun-feng X, Yu-ren J, 978 (2012) 953-51.
Schumacher M, Camp S, Maulet Y, Newton M, MacPhee-Quigley K,Taylor SS, Friedmann T, Taylor P, Nature (1986) 407-9.
Guo L, Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers (2008) 421.
Botti SA, Felder CE, Sussman JL, Silman I, Protein Eng 11, (1998) 415–420.
Scholl FG, Scheiffele P, Trends Neurosci, 26 (2003) 618–624.
Sharma KV, Koenigsberger C, Brimijoin S, Bigbee JW, J Neurosci Res 63, (2001) 165–175.
Anderson AA, Ushakov DS, Ferenczi MA, Saffel JL, J Cell Physiol (2007) doi:10.1002/ jcp.21288.
Genever PG, Birch MA, Brown E, Skerry TM, Bone 24, (1999) 297–303.
Inkson CA, Brabbs AC, Grewal TS, Skerry TM, Genever PG, Bone 35, (2004) 819–827.
Layer PG, Weikert T, Alber R, Cell Tissue Res 273, (1993) 219–226.
Layer PG, Sporns O, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84, (1987) 284–288.
Koenigsberger C, Chiappa S, Brimijoin S, J Neurochem 69, (1997) 1389–1397.
Grifman M, Galyam N, Seidman S, Soreq H, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, (1998) 13935–13940.
Bigbee JW, Sharma KV, Chan EL, Bogler O, Brain Res 861, (2000) 354–362.
Paraoanu LE, Layer PG, FEBS J 275, (2008) 618–624.
Hohmann CF, Berger-Sweeney J, J Neurobiol 37, (1998) 595–606.
Hohman, CF, Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27, (2003) 351–363.
Robitzki A, Mack A, Hoppe U, Chatonnet A, Layer PG, Eur J Neurosci 9, (1997) 2394–2405.
Robitzki A, Mack A, Hoppe U, Chatonnet A, Layer PG, J Neurochem 71, (1998) 413–420.
Layer PG, Robitzki A, Rothermel A, Willbold E, Trends Neurosci 25, (2002) 131–134.
Xie W, Stribley JA, Chatonnet A, Wilder PJ, Rizzino A, McComb RD, Taylor P, Hinrichs SH, Lockridge O, J
Pharmacol Exp Ther 293, (2000) 896–902.
Mesulam MM, Guillozet A, Shaw P, Levey A, Duysen EG, Lockridge O, Neuroscience 110, (2002). 627–639.
Bytyqi AH, Lockridge O, Duysen E, Wang Y, Wolfrum U, Layer PG, Eur J Neurosci 20, (2004) 2953–2962.
Grisaru D, Sternfeld M, Eldor A, Glick D, Soreq H, Eur.J.Biochem. 264, (1999) 672–686.
Paulus JM, Maigne J, Keyhani E, Blood 58, (1981) 1100–1106.
Tranumjensen J, Behnke O, Eur.J.CellBiol. 24, (1981) 281–286.
Zhang XJ, Yang L, Zhao Q, Caen JP, He HY, Jin QH, Guo LH, Alemany M, Zhang LY, Shi YF, Cell Death
Differ. 9, (2002) 790–800.
Jin QH, He HY, Shi YF, Lu H, Zhang XJ, Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 25, (2004) 1013–1021.
Yang L, He HY, Zhang XJ, Neu- rosci.Res. 42, (2002) 261–268.
Jing P, Jin Q, Wu J, Zhang XJ, J. Neurochem. 104, (2008) 409–419.
Steinritz D, Emmler J, Hintz M, Worek F, Kreppel H, Szinicz L, Kehe K, Life Sci. 80, (2007) 2199–2201.
Toiber D, Berson A, Greenberg D, Melamed-Book N, Diamant S, Soreq H, PLoS ONE 3, (2008) e3108.
doi:10.1371/jour- nal.pone.0003108N.
Hu T, Fu Q, Liu X, Zhang H, Dong M, J. Neuroimmunol. 211, (2009) 84–91.
Xiao R, Qiao JT, Zhao HF, Liang J, Yu HL, Liu J, Guo AM, Wang W, Neurotoxicology 27, (2006) 478–484.
Gearhart JD, Mintz B, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 71, (1974) 1734–1738.
Takahashi S, Shan AL, Ritland SR, Delacey KA, Bostwick DG, Lieber MM, Thibodeau SN, Jenkins RB
Cancer Res. 55, (1995) 4114–4119.
Johnson E, Cotter FE, Blood Rev. 11, (1997) 46–55.
Dich J, Zahm SH, Hanberg A, Adami HO, Cancer Causes Control 8, (1997) 420–443
Cabello G, Valenzuela M, Vilaxa A, Durán V, Rudolph I, Hrepic N, Calaf G, Environ. HealthPerspect. 109 (2001) 471–479.
Abou-Donia MB, Arch.Environ. Health 58, (2003) 484–497.
Stephenson J, Czepulkowski B, Hirst W, Mufti GJ, Leuk. Res. 20, (1996) 235–241.
Montenegro, MF, Ruiz-Espejo F, Campoy FJ, Muñoz-Delgado E, de la Cadena MP, Rodríguez- Berrocal FJ
Vidal CJ, Cell. Mol.LifeSci. 63, (2006) 2175–2182.
Qavi H, Al-Rajhi AA, In vivo 23, (2009) 679–683.
Zhao YJ, Wang X, Wang T, Hu X, Hui X, Yan M, Gao Q, Chen T, Li J, Yao M, et al., Hepatology 53, (2011) –503.
Nelson L, Fed. Proc. 37, (1978) 2543–2547.
Nelson L, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 45, (1990) 876–882.
Nelson L, McGrady V, Fangboner ME, NewYork, NY: Academic Press, (1970) 465–478.
Chakraborty J, Nelson L, Biol. Reprod. 15, (1976) 579–585.
Cariello, L, Romano G, Nelson L, Gamete Res. 14, (1986) 323–332.
Cangialosi MV, Puccia E, Mansueto V, D’Agati P, Caryologia 59, (2006) 366–370.
Falugi C, Eur. J. Histochem. 37, (1993) 287–294.
Angelini C, Baccetti B, Piomboni P, Trombino S, Aluigi MG, Stringara S, Gallus L, Falugi C, Eur.J.
Histochem. 49, (2004) 235–244.
Ivonnet PI, Chambers EL, Zygote 5, (1997) 277–287.
Drews U, Prog. Histochem. Cytochem. 7, (1975) 1–52.
Fluck RA, Shih TM, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. CComp. Pharmacol. 70, (1981) 129–130.
Fluck RA, Wynshaw-Boris AJ, Schneider LM, Comp. Biochem. Physiol.C. 67C, (1980) 29–34.
Le Douarin NM, Ann. N.Y.Acad. Sci. 486, (1986) 66–86.
Weinberger C, Penner PL, Brick IY, Am. Zool. 24, (1984) 545–554.
Ohta K, Takahashi C, Tosuji H, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol. 153, (2009) 310–316.
Bigbee JW, Sharma KV, Neurochem. Res. 29, (2004) 2043–2050.
Anderson AA, Ushakov DS, Ferenczi MA, Mori R, Martin P, Saffell JL, J. Cell. Physiol. 215, (2008) 82–100.
Massoulié J, Perrier N, Noureddine H, Liang D, Bon S, Chem. Biol. Interact. 175, (2008) 30–44.
Liang D, Blouet JP, Borrega F, Bon S, Massoulié J, FebsJ. 276, (2009) 94–108.
Arsava M, Selekler K (Ed), Güneş Kitabevi, (2003) pp 1-3.
Lieo A, Greenberg S, Growdon J, Annu. Rev. Med. 57, (2006) 513–533.
Mayo Clinic. “Alzheimer's disease”. http://mayoclinic.com/health/ alzheimers-disease/DS00161, Son erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2013.
World Alzheimer Report (2015) http://www.alz.co.uk/research/world-report-2015
Francis PT, Palmer A, Snape M, Wilcock GK, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66, (1999) 137-147.
Bowen DM, Smith CB, White P, Davison AN, Brain 99, (1976) 459-496.
Perry EK, Perry RH, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 4, (1978) 273-277.
Rylett RJ, Ball MJ, Colhoun EH, Brain Res 289, (1983) 169-175.
Nilsson L, Nordberg A, Hardy J, Wester P, Winblad B, J Neural Transm 67, (1986) 275-285.
Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, Clark AW, Coyle JT, Delon MR, Science 215, (1982) 1237-1239.
Fodale V, Quattrone D, Trecroci C, Caminiti V, Santamaria LB, Br J Anaesth 97, (2006) 445-452.
Levin ED, Toll K, Chang G, Med Chem Res 6, (1996) 543-554.
Levin ED, Dama MJ, Glassco W, May EL, Martin BR, Drug Dev Res 46, (1999) 107-111.
Musial A, Bajda M, Malawska B, Curr Med Chem 14, (2007) 2654-2679.
Kar S, Slowikowski SP, Westaway D, Mount HT, J Psychiatry Neurosci 29, (2004) 427-441.
Savioz A, Leuba G, Vallet PG, Walzer C, Brain Res Bull 80, (2009) 309-314.
Rosato Siri, M, Cattaneo A, Cherubini E, J Physiol 576, (2006) 361-377.
Lee VM, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, (2001) 8931-8932.
Schubert P, Ogata T, Marchini C, Ferroni S, Mech Ageing Dev 123, (2001) 47-57.
Selkoe DJ, Physiol Rev 81, (2001) 741-766.
Erdoğmuş B, Erciyes Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi (2014) 31-37.
Davies P, Maloney AJ, Lancet 2 (1976) 1403.
Smith CB, Bowen DM, J Neurochem 27 (1976) 1521-1528.
Arendt T, Bigl V, Tennstedt A, Arendt A, Neuroscience 14 (1985) 1-14.
Geula C, Mesulam MM, Raven Press, New York. (1994) 263-291.
Iraizoz I, de Lacalle S, Gonzalo LM, Neuroscience 41 (1991) 33-40.
Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, Clark AW, Coyle JT, Delon MR, Science 215 (1982a) 1237-1239.
Whitehouse PJ, Struble RG, Clark AW, Price DL Ann Neurol 12 (1982b) 494.
Perry EK, Marshall EF, Blessed G, Tomlinson BE, Perry RH, Br J Psychiatry 142 (1983) 188-192.
Drachman DA, Leavitt J, J Exp Psychol 93 (1972) 302-308.
Carol M, Troy GS, Journal of Neuroscience Research, 69 (2002) 145-150.
Silveyra M X, García-Ayllón M S, de Barreda EG, Small DH, Martínez S, Avila J, Sáez-Valero J, Neurobiol. Aging, 33(3) (2011) 624.e23-34.
García-Sierra F, J Alzheimers Dis, 14 (2008) 401-9.
Sberna G, Sáez-Valero J, Beyreuther K, Masters CL, Small DH, J. Neurochem, 69, (1997) 1177–1184.
Cacabelos R, Barquero M, Garcia P, Alvaez XA, Varela de Seijas E, Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 13 (1991) 455-458.
Blum-Degen D, Muller T, Kuhn W, Gerlach M, Przuntek H, Riederer P, Neurosci Lett, 29(202): (1995) 17-
Walker D, McGeer E, McGeer P, Clinical Neuroimmunology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific (1997) 172–
McGeer P, CNS Drugs. 7: (1997) 214–287.
Hori K, Konishi K, Tomioka H, Tani M., Minegishi G, (2012) Rewiev, S4:001. doi:10.4172/2161-0479.S4-
Jeger RV, European Heart Journal 34 (2013) 2580-2581.
Watkins PB, Pharmacogenetics. 4: (1994) 171–184.
Wells BG, DiPiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Hamilton CW, editors. Pharmacotherapy handbook. Stamford (CT): Appleton & Lange, (1998) 203-217.
Ercan S, Demans Dergisi 2: (2002) 5-9.
Liu F, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Hart G W, Gong CX, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 10804-
Liu J, Zhao ML, Brosnan CF, Lee SC 157(8): (1996) 3569–3576.
Zhang HY, Tang XC, Neurosci Lett 292; (2000) 41–44.
Shi DH, Wu JH, Ge HM, Tan RX, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 28 (1): (2009) 30–36
Jun G, Aichun J, Dazheng Z, Dekun L, Wei Z, Wanli G, Bing L, Li L, Yanjie L, Ying H, Meizhen S, Yunhua W, Zhengliang Y, Ruichao L, Molecules. 20, (2015) 683-692.
Luo H, Li C, Kim JC, Liu Y, Jung JS, Koh YJ, Hur JS, J Microbiol Biotechnol. 23(2): (2013) 161-166.
Wang Y, Pan W, Liang W, Law W, Tsz-Ming Ip D, Ng T, Miu-Yee Waye M, Chi-Cheong Wan D, EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013)
Tabet N, Ageing, 35(4): (2006) 336-338.
Gambi F, Reale M, Iarlori C, Salone A, Toma L, Paladini C, De Luca G, Feliciani C, Salvatore M, Salerno
RM, et al, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 24(3): (2004) 314-321.
Reale M, Iarlori C, Gambi F, Lucci I, Salvatore M, Gambi D, Exp Gerontol 40: (2005) 165–171.
Reale M, Iarlori C, Gambi F, Feliciani C, Lucci I, Gambi D, Neuropharmacology, 50(5) (2006) 606-613.
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=147
Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Jimenez L, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, (2004) 727–747.
Houghton PJ, Howes MJ, Neurosignals.14 (1–2): (2005) 6–22.
Wszelaki N, Kuciun A, Karolina Kiss A, Acta Pharm, 60: (2010) 119–128.
Rehman EU, Ethno Leaflets, 10: (2006) 254–264.
Syad AN, Devi KP, Targets and Therapy 4: (2014) 11–26.
Bhullar KS, Rupasinghe HPV, Oxid Med Cell Longev. (2013) 1–18.
Weinreb O, Mandel S, Amit T, Youdim MB, J Nutr Biochem.15(9): (2004) 506–516.
Albarracin SL, Stab B, Casas Z, Nutr. Neurosci.15(1) (2012) 1–9.
Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Mal M, Houghtona PJ. Phytomedicine, 14 (2007) 289-300.
Birks J, Grimley Evans J, Iakovidou V, Tsolaki M. Rev.;2: (2009) CD001191.
Pettenati C, Annicchiarico R, Caltagirone C, Fundam Clin Pharmacol.17(6): (2003) 659–672.
Mehta M, Adem A, Sabbagh M, J Alzheimers Dis” (2012) 728983.
Orhan G, Orhan I, Öztekin-Subutay N, Ak F, Sener B, Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 4(1): (2009) 43–51.
Approves the First Treatment for Dementia of Parkinson's Disease U.S. FDA News Release. (2016).
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm498442.htm
Tang XC, Han Y, CNS Drug Rev. 5(3): (1999) 281–300.
Tang XC, He XC, Bai DL, Drugs Future. 24(6): (1999) 647–663.
Saxena A, Qian N, Kovach IM, Protein Sci. 3(10): (1994) 1770–1778.
Chandra V, Pandav R, Dodge HH, Johnton M, Belle SH, DeKosky ST, Maay Gnaguli. Neurology. 57(6) (2001) 985-989.
Vas CJ, Pinto C, Panikker D, Noronha S, Deshpande N, Kulkarni L, et al, Int Psychogeriatr. 13(4): (2001) -450.
Ng TP, Chiam PC, Lee T, Chua HC, Lim L, Kua EH. Am J Epidemiol. 164(9): (2006) 898-906.
Syad AN, Devi KP, Bot Targets Ther. 4: (2014) 11–26.
Katiyar C, Gupta A, Kanjilal S, Katiyar S, Ayu. 33(1): (2012) 10-9.
Klinik Araştırmalar Hakkında Yönetmelik (2011) R.G. No: 28617.

There are 168 citations in total.

Details

Other ID	JA82DK45TM
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Fatma Gonca Koçancı This is me Belma Aslım This is me
Publication Date	June 1, 2016
Submission Date	June 1, 2016
Published in Issue	Year 2016 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Koçancı, F. G., & Aslım, B. (2016). Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 6(1), 19-35.
AMA	Koçancı FG, Aslım B. Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants. MJAVL. June 2016;6(1):19-35.
Chicago	Koçancı, Fatma Gonca, and Belma Aslım. “Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants”. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 2016): 19-35.
EndNote	Koçancı FG, Aslım B (June 1, 2016) Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences 6 1 19–35.
IEEE	F. G. Koçancı and B. Aslım, “Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants”, MJAVL, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 19–35, 2016.
ISNAD	Koçancı, Fatma Gonca - Aslım, Belma. “Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants”. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences 6/1 (June 2016), 19-35.
JAMA	Koçancı FG, Aslım B. Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants. MJAVL. 2016;6:19–35.
MLA	Koçancı, Fatma Gonca and Belma Aslım. “Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants”. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, 2016, pp. 19-35.
Vancouver	Koçancı FG, Aslım B. Structure and Functions of Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Plants. MJAVL. 2016;6(1):19-35.

Article Files

Full Text