Research Article
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Evaluation of the Effects of Triple PGPR Isolates and Biological Fertilizer Formulations Formed with Different Carriers on Growth Parameters in Pazar-20 Tea Clone

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 109 - 119, 23.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.971193

Abstract

 This study was established with two-years-old tea seedlings in the Pazar-20 tea clone in pots and eight applications as five different biological fertilizers, triple bacteria combinations (F1, F2, F3, F4 and, F5), one biological fertilizer, NPK fertilization (1400 mg compound 25:5:10/seedling) and control (fertilizer and bacteria not applied) applications, seven carriers as one liquid six solid. It was established with four replications and five seedlings in each replication according to the factorial arrangement (8 applications x 7 carriers) with different carriers. For preliminary evaluations, only plant height, stem diameter and, number of leaves were evaluated without cutting the seedlings. In the experiment, at the end of November 2013, and 2014, seedlings were harvested from equal height, branch+leaf weight, fresh and dry leaf yield, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf area results were evaluated. Depending on the bacterial inoculations, fertilizer applications, and the carriers used, the inoculated bacterial formulations, fertilizer applications, and carriers significantly affected the stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, branch+leaf weight, fresh and dry leaf weight, chlorophyll content of tea seedlings. According to the carrier averages, mineral fertilization, F1, F2, F5, and biological fertilizer applications, which caused a significant increase in stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content compared to the control, were in the same group. All the selected combinations increased fresh and dry leaf weight compared to the control, and the increasing rates were statistically significant (p≤0.05). According to the average fertilizer application, the liquid carrier gave the most relevant result in terms of measured parameters, followed by solid leonardite, compost, and peat-based carriers, respectively.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

TOVAG; 112 O 313

Thanks

Acknowledgments This work is financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TOVAG; 112 O 313 project).

References

  • Amutha M, Arunachalam R, Umamaheswari M, Usharamalakshmi A, Ramakrishnan S, Annadurai G 2010. Medicinal use of Camellia sinensis on lactose intolerance. J. Of Biol. Sci. 10 (2):112-116. ISSN 1727-3048.
  • Bai Z, Zhou C, Cao J, Xu Ş, Wu S, Li D 2014. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biofertilizer on Tea Yield and Quality. Agricultural Science & Technology, 15(11): 1883-1887.
  • Bagyalakshmi B, Balamurugan A, Panmurugan P, Premkumar R 2012. Compatibility study of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with inorganic and fertilizers used in Tea (Camellia sinensis). Int. J. Of Agr. Research 7(3):144-151.
  • Bhattacharyya PN, Sarmah SR, Dutta P, Tanti AJ 2015. Emergence in mapping microbial diversity in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) soil of Assam, North-East India: A novel approach. European J. of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 3 (12):20-25.
  • Bhattacharyya C, Banerjee S, Acharya U, Mitra A, Mallick I, Haldar A, Haldar S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A 2020. Evaluation of plant growth properties and induction of antioxidative defense mechanism by tea rhizobacteria of Darjeeling, India. Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72439-z.
  • Chakraborty APC, Chakraborty U 2015. Bacillus megaterium from tea rhizosphere promotes growth and induces systemic resistance in tea against Sclerotium rolfsii. Indian Phytopathol. 68, 237–247.
  • Chakraborty U, Chakraborty BN, Basnet M, Chakraborty AP 2009. Evaluation of Ochrobactrum anthropi TRS-2 and its talc based formulation for enhancement of growth of tea plants and management of brown root rot disease. J. Appl. Microbiol., 107,625–634. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04242 .x
  • Chakraborty U, Chakraborty BN, Chakraborty AP 2012. Induction of plant growth promotion in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium and its bioformulations. World J. Agric. Sci. 8, (1), 104–112.
  • Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Ertürk Y, Erat M, Haznedar A, Sekban R 2010. Diversity and metabolic potential of culturable bacteria from the rhizosphere of Turkish tea grown in acidic soils, Plant and Soil, 332, 299-318
  • Çakmakçı R, Ertürk Y, Dönmez MF, Erat M, Haznedar A, Sekban R 2012. Tea growth and yield in relation to mixed cultures of N2 fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, 1, 17-21
  • Çakmakçı R, Ertürk Y, Varmazyari A, Atasever A, Kotan R, Haliloğlu K, Erat M, Türkyılmaz K, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2017. The effect of bacteria-based formulations on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growth, yield, and enzyme activities. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Horticulture and Landscape Architecture No 38, 5–18 Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Horticult. Landsc. Architect. 38, 2017 .
  • Cakmakçı R 2019. The Variability of the Predominant Culturable Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacterial Diversity in the Acidic Tea Rhizosphere Soils in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Alinteri J. of Agr. Sci. 34(2): 175-181
  • Dutta J, Handique PJ, Thakur D 2015. Assessment of Culturable Tea Rhizobacteria Isolated from Tea Estates of Assam, India for Growth Promotion in Commercial Tea Cultivars. Front. Microbiol. , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01252.
  • Ertürk Y, Ercişli S, Sekban R, Haznedar A, Dönmez MF 2008. The effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on rooting and root growth of tea (Camellia sinensis var. Sinensis) cuttings. Romanian Biotechnological Letters., V. 13, N: 3. p:3747-3756
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2010a. Farklı çay klonlarında biyolojik gübrelemenin kullanım olanakları. IV. Organik Tarım Sempozyumu 28 Haziran-01 Temmuz 2010, Erzurum (1), 777-782.
  • Ertürk Y, Ercişli S, Haznedar A, Çakmakçı R 2010b. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on rooting and root growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) stem cuttings. Biol Res, 43: 91-98.
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2011a. Fener-3 Çay klonu fidanlarında enjeksiyon ve daldırma metotları ile PGPR uygulamalarının verim üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. GAP IV. Tarım Kongresi 9-12 Mayıs 2011, Şanlıurfa, s:29-34.
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Duyar Ö, Turan M 2011b. The effects of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR) on vegetative growth and leaf nutrient contents of hazelnut seedlings (Turkish hazelnut cv, Tombul and Sivri). International Journal of Soil Science 6(3):188-198
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2011c. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Asidik Topraklarından İzole edilmiş Bazı Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Rizobakterilerin (PGPR) Çay Bitkisinin Fidan Gelişimi Aşamasında Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması. Türkiye VI. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi 4-8 Ekim 2011, Şanlıurfa, Cilt 1: Meyvecilik, s:202-211.
  • Ertürk, Y, Ercişli S, Çakmakçı R 2012. Yield and growth response of strawberry (FragariaX ananassa Duch.) to plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria inoculation. Journal of Plant Nutrition (35:817-826).
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2013. Çay yetiştiriciliğinde bitki büyümesini teşvik edici bakteri uygulamaları alternatif olabilir mi ? Türkiye V. Organik Tarım Sempozyumu 25-27 Eylül 2013. Samsun, cilt 1, s:47-51.
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2014. Biological Fertilizer Researches For Organic Tea Culture in Turkey (Period: 2007- 2013). Abst. International Mesopotamia Agriculture Congress / 22-25 September 2014 Diyarbakır – Turkey, s 1004-1005.
  • Fauziah F, Setiawati MR, Pranoto E, Susilawati DN, Rachmiati Y 2019. Effect of indigenous microbes on growth and blister blight disease of tea plant. J. of Plant Protection Research 53(4):529-534. doi:10.24425/jppr.2019.131264.
  • Gebrewold AZ 2018. Review on integrated nutrient management of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Cogent Food & Agriculture, 4: 1543536 https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1543536
  • Glick BR 1995. The Enhancement of Plant Growth by Free Living Bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41,109-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-015
  • Glick BR, Cheng Z, Czarny J, Duan J 2007. Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase-producing soil bacteria. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119, 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9162-4.
  • Gulati A, Sood S, Rahi P, Thakur R, Chauhan S, Chadha IC 2011. Diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) J. Microbial. Biotechnol. 21(6):545-555. doi:10.4014/jmb.1012.12022.
  • Islam S, Hamid FS, Ahmad F, Waheed A, Shah BH, Aslam S, Hussain S 2015. Impact of different fertilizer mixtures on growth performance of tea cuttings. Journal of Agricultural Research (03681157), 53(2).
  • Islam S, Hamid FS, Amin K, Sumreen S, Q.uz-Zamane K, N. Khan A, Hussain BS 2017. Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.). International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) Volume 36, No 8, pp 1-9.
  • Jianyun R, Lifeng MA, Xiaoyun Y, Yuanzhi SH, Kang N, Meiya L, Qunfeng Z 2020. Integrated Nutrient Management in Tea Plantation to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer and Increase Nutrient Use Efficiency. Journal of Tea Science 40 (1):85-95.
  • Kacar B 2010. Çay Bitkisi biyokimyası, gübrelenmesi, işlenme teknolojisi, Nobel Yayın No: 1549, Fen Bilimleri: 107, ISBN 978-605-395-359-3.
  • Kloepper JW 1994. Plant growth promoting bacteria (other systems). Azospirillum/plant association. Edited by Okon, J., Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press, 137–154.
  • Nepolean P, Jayanthi R, Pallavi V, Balamurugan A, Kuberan T, Beulah T, Premakumar R 2021. Role of biofertilizers in increasing tea productivity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 1443–S1445.
  • Pırlak, L, Turan M, Şahin F, Eşitken A 2007. Floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to apples increases yield, growth and nutrient element contents of leaves. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 30, 145–155.
  • Phukan I, Madhab M, Sarmah SR, Bordoloi M, Nair SC, Dutta P, Begum A, Tanti S, Bora SC, Nair S, Rai S, Debnath and Barthakuret BK 2012. Exploitation of PGP microbes of tea for improvement of plant growth and pest suppression: A novel approach, Two Bud 59(1):69-74.
  • Princy T, Kumar R, Radhakrishnan B, Marecswaran J, Jayanti R, Nepoloean P 2015. Role of indigeneous PGPR in integrated nutrient management of growth and development in tea nursery. Int. J. F Current Res. 7(8):19821-19825.
  • Shang J, Liu B 2020. Application of a microbial consortium improves the growth of Camellia sinensis and influences the indigenous rhizosphere bacterial communities. J Appl Microbiol Online ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1111 /jam.14927.
  • Sharangi AB 2009. Medicinal and therapeutic potentialities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) – A review Food Research International 42:529–535.
  • Sudhakar P, Chattopadhyay GN, Gangwar SK, Ghosh JK 2000. Effect of foliar application of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Beijerinckia on leaf yield and quality of mulberry (Morus alba). J. Agr. Sci, 134, 227-234.
  • Tennakoon PLK, Rajapksha RMCP, Hettrachchi LSK 2019. Tea yield maintaned in PGPR inoculated field plants despite significant reduction fertilizer application. Rhizosphere 10:100-146.
  • Wang M, Sun H, Xu L, Xu Z 2020. Bacterial diversity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) rhizosphere soil from Qinling Mountains and relationship with environmental elements. Plant Soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04822-8.
  • Wanyoko JK, Othieno CO, Mwakha E, Cheruiyot DK 1997. Effects of types and rates of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf nutrient contents of seedling tea in Nmandi hills, Kenya. Tea, 18 (1): 21 – 31.
  • Verma DP 1997. Balanced fertilization for sustainable productivity of tea. Fertilizer News. 42(4): 113-125.
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 109 - 119, 23.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.971193

Abstract

Project Number

TOVAG; 112 O 313

References

  • Amutha M, Arunachalam R, Umamaheswari M, Usharamalakshmi A, Ramakrishnan S, Annadurai G 2010. Medicinal use of Camellia sinensis on lactose intolerance. J. Of Biol. Sci. 10 (2):112-116. ISSN 1727-3048.
  • Bai Z, Zhou C, Cao J, Xu Ş, Wu S, Li D 2014. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biofertilizer on Tea Yield and Quality. Agricultural Science & Technology, 15(11): 1883-1887.
  • Bagyalakshmi B, Balamurugan A, Panmurugan P, Premkumar R 2012. Compatibility study of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with inorganic and fertilizers used in Tea (Camellia sinensis). Int. J. Of Agr. Research 7(3):144-151.
  • Bhattacharyya PN, Sarmah SR, Dutta P, Tanti AJ 2015. Emergence in mapping microbial diversity in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) soil of Assam, North-East India: A novel approach. European J. of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 3 (12):20-25.
  • Bhattacharyya C, Banerjee S, Acharya U, Mitra A, Mallick I, Haldar A, Haldar S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A 2020. Evaluation of plant growth properties and induction of antioxidative defense mechanism by tea rhizobacteria of Darjeeling, India. Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72439-z.
  • Chakraborty APC, Chakraborty U 2015. Bacillus megaterium from tea rhizosphere promotes growth and induces systemic resistance in tea against Sclerotium rolfsii. Indian Phytopathol. 68, 237–247.
  • Chakraborty U, Chakraborty BN, Basnet M, Chakraborty AP 2009. Evaluation of Ochrobactrum anthropi TRS-2 and its talc based formulation for enhancement of growth of tea plants and management of brown root rot disease. J. Appl. Microbiol., 107,625–634. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04242 .x
  • Chakraborty U, Chakraborty BN, Chakraborty AP 2012. Induction of plant growth promotion in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium and its bioformulations. World J. Agric. Sci. 8, (1), 104–112.
  • Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Ertürk Y, Erat M, Haznedar A, Sekban R 2010. Diversity and metabolic potential of culturable bacteria from the rhizosphere of Turkish tea grown in acidic soils, Plant and Soil, 332, 299-318
  • Çakmakçı R, Ertürk Y, Dönmez MF, Erat M, Haznedar A, Sekban R 2012. Tea growth and yield in relation to mixed cultures of N2 fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, 1, 17-21
  • Çakmakçı R, Ertürk Y, Varmazyari A, Atasever A, Kotan R, Haliloğlu K, Erat M, Türkyılmaz K, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2017. The effect of bacteria-based formulations on tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growth, yield, and enzyme activities. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Horticulture and Landscape Architecture No 38, 5–18 Ann. Warsaw Univ. of Life Sci. – SGGW, Horticult. Landsc. Architect. 38, 2017 .
  • Cakmakçı R 2019. The Variability of the Predominant Culturable Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacterial Diversity in the Acidic Tea Rhizosphere Soils in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Alinteri J. of Agr. Sci. 34(2): 175-181
  • Dutta J, Handique PJ, Thakur D 2015. Assessment of Culturable Tea Rhizobacteria Isolated from Tea Estates of Assam, India for Growth Promotion in Commercial Tea Cultivars. Front. Microbiol. , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01252.
  • Ertürk Y, Ercişli S, Sekban R, Haznedar A, Dönmez MF 2008. The effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on rooting and root growth of tea (Camellia sinensis var. Sinensis) cuttings. Romanian Biotechnological Letters., V. 13, N: 3. p:3747-3756
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2010a. Farklı çay klonlarında biyolojik gübrelemenin kullanım olanakları. IV. Organik Tarım Sempozyumu 28 Haziran-01 Temmuz 2010, Erzurum (1), 777-782.
  • Ertürk Y, Ercişli S, Haznedar A, Çakmakçı R 2010b. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on rooting and root growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) stem cuttings. Biol Res, 43: 91-98.
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2011a. Fener-3 Çay klonu fidanlarında enjeksiyon ve daldırma metotları ile PGPR uygulamalarının verim üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. GAP IV. Tarım Kongresi 9-12 Mayıs 2011, Şanlıurfa, s:29-34.
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Duyar Ö, Turan M 2011b. The effects of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR) on vegetative growth and leaf nutrient contents of hazelnut seedlings (Turkish hazelnut cv, Tombul and Sivri). International Journal of Soil Science 6(3):188-198
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Dönmez MF, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2011c. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Asidik Topraklarından İzole edilmiş Bazı Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Rizobakterilerin (PGPR) Çay Bitkisinin Fidan Gelişimi Aşamasında Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması. Türkiye VI. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi 4-8 Ekim 2011, Şanlıurfa, Cilt 1: Meyvecilik, s:202-211.
  • Ertürk, Y, Ercişli S, Çakmakçı R 2012. Yield and growth response of strawberry (FragariaX ananassa Duch.) to plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria inoculation. Journal of Plant Nutrition (35:817-826).
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2013. Çay yetiştiriciliğinde bitki büyümesini teşvik edici bakteri uygulamaları alternatif olabilir mi ? Türkiye V. Organik Tarım Sempozyumu 25-27 Eylül 2013. Samsun, cilt 1, s:47-51.
  • Ertürk Y, Çakmakçı R, Sekban R, Haznedar A 2014. Biological Fertilizer Researches For Organic Tea Culture in Turkey (Period: 2007- 2013). Abst. International Mesopotamia Agriculture Congress / 22-25 September 2014 Diyarbakır – Turkey, s 1004-1005.
  • Fauziah F, Setiawati MR, Pranoto E, Susilawati DN, Rachmiati Y 2019. Effect of indigenous microbes on growth and blister blight disease of tea plant. J. of Plant Protection Research 53(4):529-534. doi:10.24425/jppr.2019.131264.
  • Gebrewold AZ 2018. Review on integrated nutrient management of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Cogent Food & Agriculture, 4: 1543536 https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1543536
  • Glick BR 1995. The Enhancement of Plant Growth by Free Living Bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41,109-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-015
  • Glick BR, Cheng Z, Czarny J, Duan J 2007. Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase-producing soil bacteria. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 119, 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9162-4.
  • Gulati A, Sood S, Rahi P, Thakur R, Chauhan S, Chadha IC 2011. Diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) J. Microbial. Biotechnol. 21(6):545-555. doi:10.4014/jmb.1012.12022.
  • Islam S, Hamid FS, Ahmad F, Waheed A, Shah BH, Aslam S, Hussain S 2015. Impact of different fertilizer mixtures on growth performance of tea cuttings. Journal of Agricultural Research (03681157), 53(2).
  • Islam S, Hamid FS, Amin K, Sumreen S, Q.uz-Zamane K, N. Khan A, Hussain BS 2017. Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.). International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) Volume 36, No 8, pp 1-9.
  • Jianyun R, Lifeng MA, Xiaoyun Y, Yuanzhi SH, Kang N, Meiya L, Qunfeng Z 2020. Integrated Nutrient Management in Tea Plantation to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer and Increase Nutrient Use Efficiency. Journal of Tea Science 40 (1):85-95.
  • Kacar B 2010. Çay Bitkisi biyokimyası, gübrelenmesi, işlenme teknolojisi, Nobel Yayın No: 1549, Fen Bilimleri: 107, ISBN 978-605-395-359-3.
  • Kloepper JW 1994. Plant growth promoting bacteria (other systems). Azospirillum/plant association. Edited by Okon, J., Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press, 137–154.
  • Nepolean P, Jayanthi R, Pallavi V, Balamurugan A, Kuberan T, Beulah T, Premakumar R 2021. Role of biofertilizers in increasing tea productivity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 1443–S1445.
  • Pırlak, L, Turan M, Şahin F, Eşitken A 2007. Floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to apples increases yield, growth and nutrient element contents of leaves. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 30, 145–155.
  • Phukan I, Madhab M, Sarmah SR, Bordoloi M, Nair SC, Dutta P, Begum A, Tanti S, Bora SC, Nair S, Rai S, Debnath and Barthakuret BK 2012. Exploitation of PGP microbes of tea for improvement of plant growth and pest suppression: A novel approach, Two Bud 59(1):69-74.
  • Princy T, Kumar R, Radhakrishnan B, Marecswaran J, Jayanti R, Nepoloean P 2015. Role of indigeneous PGPR in integrated nutrient management of growth and development in tea nursery. Int. J. F Current Res. 7(8):19821-19825.
  • Shang J, Liu B 2020. Application of a microbial consortium improves the growth of Camellia sinensis and influences the indigenous rhizosphere bacterial communities. J Appl Microbiol Online ahead of print https://doi.org/10.1111 /jam.14927.
  • Sharangi AB 2009. Medicinal and therapeutic potentialities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) – A review Food Research International 42:529–535.
  • Sudhakar P, Chattopadhyay GN, Gangwar SK, Ghosh JK 2000. Effect of foliar application of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Beijerinckia on leaf yield and quality of mulberry (Morus alba). J. Agr. Sci, 134, 227-234.
  • Tennakoon PLK, Rajapksha RMCP, Hettrachchi LSK 2019. Tea yield maintaned in PGPR inoculated field plants despite significant reduction fertilizer application. Rhizosphere 10:100-146.
  • Wang M, Sun H, Xu L, Xu Z 2020. Bacterial diversity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) rhizosphere soil from Qinling Mountains and relationship with environmental elements. Plant Soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04822-8.
  • Wanyoko JK, Othieno CO, Mwakha E, Cheruiyot DK 1997. Effects of types and rates of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf nutrient contents of seedling tea in Nmandi hills, Kenya. Tea, 18 (1): 21 – 31.
  • Verma DP 1997. Balanced fertilization for sustainable productivity of tea. Fertilizer News. 42(4): 113-125.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yaşar Ertürk 0000-0003-2525-0260

Ramazan Cakmakcı 0000-0002-1354-1995

Meral Kutlu 0000-0002-3288-1266

Hakan Keles 0000-0002-8225-931X

Project Number TOVAG; 112 O 313
Publication Date December 23, 2021
Submission Date July 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ertürk, Y., Cakmakcı, R., Kutlu, M., Keles, H. (2021). Evaluation of the Effects of Triple PGPR Isolates and Biological Fertilizer Formulations Formed with Different Carriers on Growth Parameters in Pazar-20 Tea Clone. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 11(2), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.971193