Bilimsel İdealizasyonlar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12, 11 - 21, 30.06.2022

Dinçer Çevik

Öz

Belirli türden soyutlamalar, idealleştirmeler, bilinçli ihmaller, izolasyonlar bilim pratiğinde sıklıkla kullanılır. Kütle noktası, sürtünmesiz yüzey, hava boşluğu, ideal gaz, sonsuz büyük popülasyonlar, ölümsüz insanlar, tam rekabet, tam bilgili ekonomik bireyler, sıfır taşıma maliyeti, rasyonel bireyler vb. varsayımlara doğa bilimlerinde ve sosyal bilimler sıkılıkla başvurulur. Bu tür varsayımların ortak noktası belirli türden eksiklikler, mükemmelleştirmeler, çarpıtmalar ve benzeri özellikler içermesi ve bu anlamda araştırılan fenomenler ile ilgili ‘idealizasyonlar’ olarak iş görmeleridir. Bilimin temel amaçlarından ikisinin açıklama verme ve öndeyi türetimi olduğu düşünüldüğünde, idealizasyonlar şu soruyu beraberinde getirir: Eksiklikler, yanlışlıklar, bilinçli çarpıtmalar ve benzerlerini içeren varsayımlar olarak idealizasyonlar dünyayı açıklama, anlama ve onunla ilgili öndeyi türetiminde ve politika belirlemede nasıl iş görür? Bu soruyu yanıtlamanın yollarından birisi bahsi geçen epistemik stratejilerinin bilim ve bilim felsefesi literatüründe yer alma biçimlerini, yani onların sınıflandırılmalarını, benzerlik ve farklılıklarını analiz etmektir. Dolayısıyla bu makalede görece daha çok tartışılmış olan belli başlı idealizasyon türlerini analiz ederek bu konu bağlamında görece sınırlı kalmış olan Türkçe literatüre katkı vermeyi amaçlıyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilimsel İdealizasyonlar, Galileci İdealizasyonlar, Aristotelesçi İdealizasyonlar

Kaynakça

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