Hegemonyanın Düşüşünü Kuramsallaştırmak: Neo-Gramscici Bir Perspektif

Abstract

Tarihsel olarak hegemonya, siyasi birimlerin ve uluslararası sistemlerin hayati bir amacı ve özelliği olmuştur. Hegemonya arayışı, hayatta kalmanın ve ardından tahakkümün başarılması için çok önemlidir. Uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında hegemonya, belirli bir devletin veya devletler grubunun küresel sistemdeki hâkim konumunu ifade etmektedir. Devletlerin, hegemon devletle ilişkileri, güçleri oranında değişmiştir. Bu nedenle uluslararası sistemin geçmişte var olan konjonktürel ve aktör davranışları ile mevcut yapısı hegemonya açısından benzer ve farklı yönler içermektedir. Bu çalışma öncelikle hegemonya ve hegemonyanın çöküşüne ilişkin kavramsal çerçeveyi tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu tartışma hegemonyanın düşüşünü neo-Gramscici bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Çalışma kapsmaında hegemonyanın ortaya çıkmasında, devamlılığında ve gerilemesinde sadece maddi unsurların değil, maddi olmayan unsurların da önemli rol oynadığı varsayılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda liberal hegemonyanın düşüşü üç açıdan incelenmektedir: i) hegemonun ideolojisinin zayıflığı, iii) hegemonun müttefikleri arasındaki ayrılık ve iii) maddi ve manevi savaş. Sonuç olarak, hegemonyanın düşüşü, gücün maddi ve kavramsal boyutlarını anlamanın önemini ve küresel sistemdeki çatışma ve işbirliği dinamiklerini analiz etme ihtiyacını ortaya koyar.

Keywords

• Hegemonya
• Güç
• Uluslararası Sistem
• Savaş
• İdeoloji

Theorizing the Fall of Hegemony: A Neo-Gramscian Perspective

Abstract

Historically, hegemony has been a vital aim and feature of political units and international systems. The search for hegemony is crucial for the achievement of survival and then domination. In the context of international relations, hegemony refers to the dominant position of a particular state or group of states in the global system. The relationship between subaltern states and the hegemon has changed in proportion to their power. For this reason, the cyclical and actor behaviors of the international system that existed in the past and the current structure also contain similar and different aspects in terms of hegemony. This study aims to firstly discuss the conceptual framework concerning hegemony and the decline of hegemony. This discussion will study the fall of hegemony from a neo-Gramscian perspective. In this research work, we assume that hegemony's emergence, survival, and decline are not only based on material elements, but non-material components also play a prominent role. In this sense, we analyze the fall of liberal hegemony from three aspects: i)the weakness of the hegemon's ideology, iii) divergence among the hegemon's allies, and iii) material and non-material warfare. In conclusion, the fall of hegemony can highlight the importance of understanding the material and conceptual dimensions of power and the need to analyze the dynamics of conflict and cooperation in the global system.

Keywords

• Hegemony
• Power
• International system
• War
• Ideology

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