Destekleyici Örgüt İklimi, İşe Bağlılık ve Bireysel Uyum Performansı Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu makalede, karşılıklılık normu, psikolojik sözleşme kuramı ve örgütsel destek kuramı temelinde, destekleyici örgüt iklimi, işe bağlılık ve bireysel uyum performansı arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, örgütlerin çalışanlarının esenliğini düşünmesi, onların daha iyi şartlarda çalışmasını sağlaması, sorunları ile ilgilenmesi, istek ve ihtiyaçlarını önemsemesi ve başarılarını ödüllendirmesi gibi destekleyici olması halinde onların işe bağlılıklarının ve bireysel uyum performanslarının nasıl etkilendiğinin ortaya koyulmasıdır. Bu amaca ulaşmak maksadıyla, Ankara’da ağır ticari araçlar sektöründe faaliyet gösteren öncü iki şirketin, 246 çalışanından veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, destekleyici örgüt iklimi, çalışanların işe bağlılıkları ve bireysel uyum performansı ile aynı yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkiye sahiptir. Destekleyici örgüt ikliminin varlığında, çalışanların işlerini sahiplenmesi ve değişen iş koşullarına ayak uydurabilmek için kendilerini geliştirerek uyum göstermeleri söz konusu olmaktadır.

Keywords

• Örgüt iklimi,Destekleyici örgüt iklimi,İşe bağlılık,Performans,Bireysel uyum performansı.

Analyzing The Relationships Between Supportive Organizational Climate, Job Involvement And Individual Adaptive Performance

Abstract

In this article, the relationships between supportive organizational climate, job involvement and individual adaptive performance are analyzed on the theoretical basis of norm of reciprocity, psychological contracts theory and organizational support theory. The aim of this study is to reveal how job involvement and individual adaptive performance are affected when the organization is supportive by worrying about employees‘ welfare, maintaining better work conditions, listening to their problems, caring their wants and needs and rewarding their achievements. In order to achieve this, data was collected from 246 employees working in two different companies, operating in heavy commercial vehicles industry. According to the results obtained, supportive organizational climate has positive relationships with job involvement and individual adaptive performance. When there is a supportive organizational climate, employees are more involved in their jobs and adapt to changing working conditions by developing themselves.

Keywords

• Organizational Climate,Supportive Organizational Climate,Job İnvolvement,Performance,Individual Adaptive Performance

References

1. Amabile, T. M. (1983). The Social Psychology of Creativity: A Componential Conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357-377.
2. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Begley, T. M. (2003). The Employment Relationships of Foreign Workers Versus Local Employees: A Field Study of Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Performance, and OCB. Journal of Organizational Behavior 24(5), 561-583.
3. Arthur, J. B. (1994). Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 670-687.
4. Astin, A. W., & Holland, J. L. (1961). The Environmental Assessment Technique: A Way To Measure College Environments. Journal of Educational Psychology, 52(6), 308-316.
5. Befort, N., & Hattrup, K. (2003). Valuing Task And Contextual Performance: Experience, Job Roles, And Ratings of The İmportance of Job Behaviors. Applied HRM Research, 8(1), 17-32.
6. Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task Performance and Contextual Performance: The Meaning for Personnel Selection Research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109.
7. Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). Expanding The Criterion Domain to Include Elements of Contextual Performance. İçinde N. Schmitt Ve W. C. Borman (Ed.) Personnel Selection in Organizations, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 71-98.
8. Brown, S. P. (1996). A Meta-Analysis and Review Of Organizational Research on Job İnvolvement. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 235-255.

9. Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A New Look at Psychological Climate and Its Relationship to Job Involvement, Effort, and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 358-368.
10. Campbell, J. J., Dunnette, M. D., Lawler, E. E., & Weick, K. E. (1970). Managerial Behavior, Performance, and Effectiveness. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
11. Chan, D. (2000). Understanding Adaptation to Changes in The Work Environment: Integrating Individual Difference and Learning Perspectives. Research in Personnel And Human Resources Management, 18, 1-42.
12. Charbonnier‐Voirin, A., & Roussel, P. (2012). Adaptive Performance: A New Scale To Measure Individual Performance in Organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences De l'Administration, 29(3), 280-293.
13. Charbonnier-Voirin, A., El Akremi, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2010). A Multilevel Model of Transformational Leadership and Adaptive Performance and The Moderating Role of Climate For Innovation. Group & Organization Management, 35(6), 699-726.
14. Chughtai, A. A. (2008). Impact Of Job Involvement on In-Role Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 9(2), 169-183.
15. Cyert, R. M., & March, J. G. (1963). A Behavioral Theory of The Firm. NJ:Englewood Cliffs.
16. Diefendorff, J. M., Brown, D. J., Kamin, A. M., & Lord, R. G. (2002). Examining The Roles of Job Involvement and Work Centrality in Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Job Performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(1), 93-108.
17. Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-Lamastro, V. (1990). Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Diligence, Commitment, And Innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51-59.
18. Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
19. Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived Supervisor Support: Contributions to Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573.
20. Elankumaran, S. (2004). Personality, Organizational Climate and Job Involvement: An Empirical Study. Journal of Human Values, 10(2), 117-130.
21. Friedlander, F., & Margulies, N. (1969). Multiple Impacts of Organizational Climate and Individual Value Systems Upon Job Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 22(2), 171-183.
22. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
23. Griffin, M. L. (2001). Job Satisfaction among Detention Officers: Assessing The Relative Contribution of Organizational Climate Variables. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29(3), 219-232.
24. Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E. (1971). Employee Reactions to Job Characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(3), 259-286.
25. Hallen, L., Johanson, J., & Seyed-Mohamed, N. (1991). Interfirm Adaptation in Business Relationships. The Journal of Marketing, 29-37.
26. Hellriegel, D. & Slocum Jr., J.W. (1974). Organizational Climate: Measures, Research and Contingencies. Academy of Management Journal, 17(2), 255-280.
27. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria For Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
28. Janssen, O., & Van Yperen, N. W. (2004). Employees' Goal Orientations, The Quality of Leader-Member Exchange, and The Outcomes of Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 368-384.
29. Jones, A. P., & James, L. R. (1979). Psychological Climate: Dimensions and Relationships of Individual and Aggregated Work Environment Perceptions. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 23(2), 201-250.
30. Jundt, D. K., Shoss, M. K., & Huang, J. L. (2014). Individual Adaptive Performance in Organizations: A Review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 53-71.
31. Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of Job And Work Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(3), 341-349.
32. Kanungo, R. N. (1979). The Concepts of Alienation And Involvement Revisited. Psychological Bulletin, 86(1), 119-138.
33. Keller, R. T. (1997). Job İnvolvement and Organizational Commitment as Longitudinal Predictors of Job Performance: A Study of Scientists And Engineers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(4), 539-545.
34. Koçak, R. D., & Temiz, Ü. (2016). Destekleyici Örgüt İklimi ve Psikolojik Sermayenin Yenilikçilik Eğilimine Etkisi: Görgül Bir Araştırma. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(8), 3330-3353.
35. Lawler, E. E., & Hall, D. T. (1970). Relationship of Job Characteristics to Job Involvement, Satisfaction, and Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54(4), 305-312.
36. Lawrence, P. R., & Lorsch, J. W. (1967). Differentiation and İntegration in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1-47.
37. Likert, R. (1961). New Patterns of Management. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
38. Litwin, G. H., & Stringer, R. A. (1968). Motivation and Organizational Climate. Boston: Harvard University Press.
39. Lodahl, T. M., & Kejnar, M. (1965). The Definition And Measurement of Job Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49(1), 24-33.
40. Luthans, F., Norman, S. M., Avolio, B. J., & Avey, J. B. (2008). The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in The Supportive Organizational Climate—Employee Performance Relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 219-238.
41. Mercer, A. A., & Bilson, K. (1985). Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment By Physicians. Academy of Management, 1, 72-76.
42. Morrow, P. C. (1983). Concept Redundancy in Organizational Research: The Case of Work Commitment. Academy of Management Review, 8(3), 486-500.
43. Pazy, A., & Ganzach, Y. (2009). Pay Contingency and The Effects of Perceived Organizational And Supervisor Support On Performance and Commitment. Journal of Management, 35(4), 1007-1025.
44. Pritchard, R. D., & Karasick, B. W. (1973). The Effects Of Organizational Climate on Managerial Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 9(1), 126-146.
45. Rabinowitz, S., & Hall, D. T. (1977). Organizational Research on Job Involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 84(2), 265-288.
46. Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective Commitment to the Organization: The Contribution of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836.
47. Rogg, K. L., Schmidt, D. B., Shull, C., & Schmitt, N. (2001). Human Resource Practices, Organizational Climate, and Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Management, 27(4), 431-449.
48. Schein, E. H. (1980). Organizational Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ :Prentice-Hall.
49. Shadur, M. A., Kienzle, R., & Rodwell, J. J. (1999). The Relationship between Organizational Climate and Employee Perceptions of Involvement: The İmportance of Support. Group & Organization Management, 24(4), 479-503.
50. Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When Supervisors Feel Supported: Relationships with Subordinates' Perceived Supervisor Support, Perceived Organizational Support, and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 689-695.
51. Süral, Özer, P., Topaloğlu, T., & Timurcanday Özmen, Ö. N. (2013). Destekleyici Örgüt İkliminin, Psikolojik Sermaye İle İş Doyumu İlişkisinde Düzenleyici Etkisi. Ege Academic Review, 13(4), 437-447.
52. Taguiri, R., & Litwin, G. H. (1968). Organizational Climate: Exploration of a Concept. Cambridge: Graduate School Of Business Administration, Harvard University.
53. Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative Self-Efficacy: Its Potential Antecedents And Relationship to Creative Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1137-1148.
54. Wei, Y., & Morgan, N. A. (2004). Supportiveness of Organizational Climate, Market Orientation, and New Product Performance in Chinese Firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(6), 375-388.