Bir Pragmatist Politika Konusu: Abd-Azerbaycan İlişkileri

Year 2019, , 3046 - 3063, 16.07.2019

Mehmet Fatih Öztarsu

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.532456

Abstract

Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılması dünya siyasetini değiştirmekle birlikte ABD’nin de yeni dış politika perspektifine kavuşmasına neden olmuştur. Birlik bünyesinde olup bağımsızlığına kavuşan yeni devletlerin bazıları zengin enerji kaynaklarına sahip olmalarından dolayı ABD’nin özel ilgisini çekmiştir. Büyük ölçekli bir savaş yaşamış olan Azerbaycan da ekonomi ve enerji bazlı politikaların hedef noktası haline gelmiştir. ABD dış politikasında Azerbaycan’ın yeri çeşitli hükümetler tarafından farklı şekillerde tanımlanmıştır. Ülkenin enerji konusundaki özel konumu Clinton yönetiminin politikaları için öncelik haline gelmiş ve sonrasında ise Bush yönetimi sürecinde ülke jeostratejik olarak önemli bir konuma ulaşmıştır. Dünya siyasetinin düzensizliğinin Azerbaycan’ın pozisyonunu doğrudan etkilediği ve ABD’nin bu ülkeyi farklı açılardan değerlendirdiği söylenebilir. Obama’nın bölgedeki azalan etkisi Trump yönetiminin Rusya ve İran’ı Azerbaycan üzerinden dengeleme girişimiyle değiştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda enerji yönünden zengin olan bu bölge silahlanmaya da sahne olmaktadır. Bu makalede ABD’nin 1990’ların başından itibaren Azerbaycan’la ilişkilerindeki önceliklerini belirleyen unsurları dengesiz ve değişken bölgesel ve küresel dinamiklerle analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yalın bir yaklaşıma sahip olmak için, hükümetlerin politikaları dönemsel olarak iç ve dış politika konularıyla ve yüksek seviyeli politika yapıcılarının resmi konuşmalarıyla açıklanmıştır.

Keywords

ABD-Azerbaycan İlişkileri, Güney Kafkasya, Enerji, Güvenlik, Terörle Mücadele

A Pragmatic Policy Case: Us-Azerbaijan Relations

Abstract

The collapse of the Soviet Union had changed the world politics in which the US has found opportunities for having a new type of foreign policy perspective. Newly independent countries became focal points of the US interests since some of them host significant energy resources. Azerbaijan as a country which suffered from a large-scale war became a target of the economy and energy-oriented policies. The US foreign policy approach towards Azerbaijan has been identified differently by various administrations. The country’s energy-rich position was the first priority for Clinton administration and after it became a geostrategically important state during Bush administration. It can be argued that the unstable world politics directly affected the position of Azerbaijan, and the US officials evaluated this country from different dimensions. Obama’s declining influence in the region was replaced by the Trump administration with a new perspective to balance Russia and Iran via the existence of Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus region. At the same time, this energy-rich area slightly becomes a scene of militarization. This article seeks to analyze the main determinants of the US foreign policy priorities in the relations with Azerbaijan since the early 1990s with unstable and changeable regional and global dynamics. For having a clear approach, governmental policies have been explained periodically with domestic and foreign policy issues as well as official statements of high-level policy-makers.

Keywords

US-Azerbaijan Relations, South Caucasus, Energy, Security, Struggle Against Terrorism

References

• Aras, B., & Ozbay, F. (2008). Turkish-Armenian Relations: Will Football Diplomacy Work? SETA Policy Brief.
• Babalı, T. (2005). Implications of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Main Oil Pipeline Project. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 35.
• Cagaptay, S., & Gencsoy, N. (2005). Washington Institute. Retrieved from http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/startup-of-the-baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-pipeline-turkeys-energy-role, Access: 29.01.2019.
• Cornell, S. E. (1999). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University.
• Cornell, S. E. (2006). The Politicization of Islam in Azerbaijan. Washington D.C: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program.
• Eyvazov, J. (2016). Ukrainian Crisis of 2014 and Changing Regional Conditions for National Security of Azerbaijan. In P. Bajor, Contemporary Azerbaijan in Social and Political Dimension (p. 65). Ksiegarnia Akademicka.
• Feulner, E. (1996). Heritage. Retrieved from What Are America's Vital Interests?: http://www.heritage.org/political-process/report/what-are-americas-vital-interests, Access: 19.01.2019.
• Hoagland, R., Cekuta, R., Nifti, E., & Cheriegate, K. (2018). Retrieved from Caspian Policy Center: http://www.caspianpolicy.org/a-brief-on-boltons-visit-to-russia-and-the-south-caucasus, Access: 19.01.2019.
• Holley, D. (2003). Retrieved from http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Heydar-Aliyev-strongman-of-Azerbaijan-2525211.php, Access: 02.01.2019.
• Iyikan, N. (2009). ABD’nin Azerbaycan İlişkilerine Etki Eden Parametreler. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 259.
• Jenkins, G. H. (2012). Occasional Allies, Enduring Rivals: Turkey’s Relations with Iran. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Silk Road Studies Program.
• Karimov, R. (2015). Development of Non-Oil Sector in Azerbaijan: Tendencies and Opportunities. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 2(2).
• Mardanov, S. (2011). Azerbaycan-ABD İlişkileri (Konferans Konuşması). Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Uluslararası Avrasya Strateji Dergisi, 227.
• Ok, N., & Kocaman, S. (2013). The Economic Relations between the USA-Azerbaijan and Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Project. The 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings. The West East Institute.
• Rumer, E., Sokolsky, R., & Stronski, P. (2017). U.S. Policy Towards the South Caucasus: Take Three. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
• Sassounian, H. (2010). Retrieved from The Huffington Post: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/harut-sassounian/senate-should-scrutinize_b_592551.html, Access: 10.02.2019.
• The American Presidency Project. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=21658, Access: 11.01.2019.
• Waal, T. d. (2013). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. NYU Press.
• Welt, C. (2013). Turkish-Armenian Normalisation and the Karabakh Conflict. Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, 210.
• Yıldırım, Z. (2012). U.S. Foreign Policy towards Azerbaijan: From “Alliance” to “Strategic Partnership. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, 11(4), 8.
• (1991, 12 26). Retrieved from New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-soviet-union-text-bush-s-address-nation-gorbachev-s-resignation.html, Access: 12.01.2019.
• (2001). Retrieved from Panarmenian: http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/4938/, Access: 25.12.2019.
• (2001). Retrieved from Asbarez: http://asbarez.com/44649/key-west-talks-bring-about-optimism/, Access: 18.12.2018.
• (2002). Retrieved from RFERL: https://www.rferl.org/a/1098626.html, Access: 11.01.2019.
• (2003). Retrieved from US Department of State: https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eur/rls/prsrl/2003/27664.htm, Access: 11.01.2019.
• (2009). Retrieved from Hurriyet: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/aliyev-s-turn-at-one-minute-one-minute-11369891, Access: 15.01.2019.
• (2009). Retrieved from Asbarez: http://asbarez.com/58776/obama-aliyev-discuss-turkish-armenian-ties, Access: 25.01.2019.
• (2009). Retrieved from RFERL: https://www.rferl.org/a/Obama_Aliyev_To_Meet_In_New_York_As_Washington_Seeks_To_Improve_Ties/2167235.html, Access: 14.12.2018.
• (2015). Retrieved from Azvision: https://en.azvision.az/news/11269/the-damage-to-azerbaijan-as-a-result-of-the-armenian-azerbaijani-conflict.html, Access: 05.12.2018.
• (2018). Retrieved from Civilnet: https://www.civilnet.am/news/2018/12/04/Impact-of-Bolton’s-Trip-to-the-South-Caucasus-Q-A-with-Emil-Sanamyan/349676, Access: 22.01.2019.
• (2018). Retrieved from Turan: http://www.turan.az/ext/news/2018/10/free/Interview/en/76108.htm, Access: 15.01.2019.
• (2018). Retrieved from AP: https://www.apnews.com/663cab7ab56c43cbab1169e86f60da31, Access: 12.01.2019.
• (2019). Retrieved from U.S. Embassy in Azerbaijan: https://az.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/us-azerbaijan-relations/, Access: 13.12.2018.