Avrupa Bütünleşmesinde Birleşik Krallık: Brexit Referandumu ve Ayrılma Süreci

Abstract

Avrupa bütünleşmesine bakışı tarihsel, coğrafi, ekonomik ve siyasi nedenlerden dolayı farklı olarak gelişen Birleşik Krallık, başlangıçta Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu’na (AET) günümüzdeki adıyla Avrupa Birliği’ne (AB) üye olmak istememiştir. Değişen şartlarla birlikte 1973’te Birliğe üye olan Birleşik Krallık’ın, AB ile ilişkileri mesafeli ve uyumsuz bir görüntü içerisinde olmuştur. David Cameron’un AB üyeliğini gündeme taşıyan açıklamasından sonra 23 Haziran 2016’da yapılan Brexit referandumunda halkın %51,9’u AB’den ayrılma yönünde oy kullanmıştır. Referandum sonrasında Theresa May başbakanlığında kurulan hükümet, Lizbon Antlaşması 50. madde kapsamında Birleşik Krallık’ın AB’den çekilme sürecini başlatmıştır. Mart 2017’de başlayan çekilme süreci, taraflar arasında varılan anlaşmayla sonuçlanmış ve 31 Ocak 2020’de Birleşik Krallık AB’den ayrılmıştır. Ardından Brexit sonrası ilişkilerin belirlendiği geçiş dönemi başlamış ve taraflar arasında imzalanan Ticaret ve İşbirliği Anlaşması ile Brexit süreci tam anlamıyla sona ermiştir. Bu çalışmada, tarihsel ve güncel yönleriyle Brexit’in arka planı ve referandum sonrası başlayan ayrılık sürecinin ilerleyişi ve tamamlanması analiz edilmektedir.

Keywords

• Birleşik Krallık
• Avrupa Birliği
• Brexit Referandumu
• Ayrılma Süreci

The United Kingdom in European Integration: The Brexit Referendum and Leaving Process

Abstract

The United Kingdom, whose view of European integration has developed differently due to historical, geographical, economic and political reasons, initially did not want to become a member of the European Economic Community (EEC), as it is now known as the European Union (EU). With the changing conditions, the relations of the United Kingdom, which became a member of the Union in 1973, with the EU have drawn a distant and incompatible image. After David Cameron's statement that brought the issue of EU membership to the agenda, 51.9%of the people voted to leave the EU in the Brexit referendum held on 23 June 2016. The government established under the premiership of Theresa May after the referendum started the process of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU under Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. The withdrawal process, which started in March 2017, resulted in an agreement between the parties, and the United Kingdom left the EU on January 31, 2020. Afterwards, the transition period in which post-Brexit relations were determined began, and the Brexit process came to an end with the Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed between the parties. In this study, the background of Brexit with its historical and current aspects and the progress and completion of the leaving process that started after the referendum are analyzed.

Keywords

• United Kingdom
• European Union
• Brexit Referendum
• Leaving Process

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