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THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY

Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 52 - 65, 01.10.2015

Abstract

By adopting ‘The EU and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership’ in 2007, the European Union (EU) was supposed to implement a comprehensive strategy for Central Asia. Although the framework of the Strategy was broad in content, energy and transport links have been the outstanding priorities regarding EU strategic interests, namely, security and stability. The aim of this paper is to review and analyze EU’s engagement with the region by examining, the content of the EU strategy, especially the focus on energy. The analysis shows that although the EU presents a comprehensive strategy aiming at cooperation with a balanced bilateral and regional approach in several areas, there are problems with implementation because of its late entry into the region. Moreover, the focus on energy corresponds to neglect in other areas. This suggests that the EU strategy is designed to serve EU interests more than those of Central Asian states

References

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  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2011). Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin Bağımsızlıklarının 20. Yılında Avrupa Birliği’nin Orta Asya Politikaları Raporu, Murat Yılmaz (ed.). Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi.
  • European Commission (2002). Strategy Paper 2002-2006 & Indicative Programme 2002-2004 for Central Asia.
  • European Commission (2007a) Regional Strategy Paper for Assistance to Central Asia for the period 2007-2013.
  • European Commission. (2007b). Central Asia Indicative Programme (2007-2010).
  • European Commission (2011a). European Union-Central Asia Development Cooperation. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,.
  • European Commission. (2011b). Central Asia DCI Indicative Programme (2011-2013).
  • European Commission (2015a). Progress Report on the Implementation of the EU Central Asia Strategy, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2015) 2 final, 13.1.2015, Brussels.
  • European Commission (2015b). Multiannual Indicative Programme Regional Central Asia 2014-2020.
  • European Commission (2015c). Regional Cooperation: Baku Initiative. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/international/regional/caspian/energy_en.htm
  • European Commission (2015d). Conclusions of the Ministerial Conference on Energy Co-operation Between the EU, the Caspian Littoral States and Their Neighbouring Countries, 13 November 2004, Baku. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/international/regional/caspian/doc/final_energy_concl usions_en.pdf
  • European Commission External Relations (2014). Energy, Central Asia and the European Union, Fact Sheet. http://eeas.europa.eu/central_asia/docs/factsheet_energy_en.pdf
  • European Court of Auditors (2013). EU Development Assistance to Central Asia, Special Report, No 13. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • European External Action Service (2014). “Catherine Ashton appoints Special Envoy to Central Asia”, Press Release 140409/01, 9 April, Brussels. http://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140409_01_en.pdf
  • European External Action Service (2015). EU relations with Central Asia. http://eeas.europa.eu/central_asia/index_en.htm
  • Eurostat (2014a). Statistics Explained: Energy Production and Imports, Data from March and May 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_production_and_imports
  • General Secreteriat of the Council (2007). European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership, European Communities, Belgium.
  • Kassenova, N. (2008). The New EU Strategy Towards Central Asia: A View from the Region. Policy Brief No: 148, Center for European Policy Studies (CEPS). http://aei.pitt.edu/7540/1/148.pdf
  • Kleinhans, M.G. (2005). “Terra Incognita: Explanation and Reductionism in Earth Science”. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, V 19, N 3, pp. 289 – 317.
  • Kovacevic, A. (2009). The Impact of the Russia–Ukraine Gas Crisis in South Eastern Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, NG 29, http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG29- TheImpactoftheRussiaUkrainianCrisisinSouthEasternEurope-AleksandarKovacevic-2009.pdf.
  • Melwin, N. J. (2008). “Introduction”, Neil J. Melwin (ed.), Engaging Central Asia: The European Union’s New Strategy in the Heart of Eurasia. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, pp. 1-8.
  • Official Journal (2005). Council Joint Action 2005/588/CFSP of 28 July 2005 Appointing a Special Representative of theEuropeanUnionfor Central Asia, L 199, 29.7.2005.
  • Official Journal (2015). Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/598 of 15 April 2015 Appointing the European Union Special Representative for Central Asia, L 99, 16.4.2015.
  • Özalp, O. N. (2011). “Avrupa Birliği’nin Orta Asya Politikası”, Civil Academy, Winter, pp.15-38
  • Özel, A. (2005). 11 Eylül, ABD, Türkiye ve Küreselleşme. Ankara: Elips Kitap.
  • Reiss, S. (2000). Discovery of the Terra Incognita: Five Decades of Chinese Foreign Policy Towards Latin America. Working Paper No 2, Research Project: Latin America and the Pacific Asia Institute of Political Science, University of Mainz, Germany. http://www.asiayargentina.com/pdf/218- discovery.pdf
  • Şahin, Ç. (2015). "The EU and Central Asia: Regional Dialogue for Enhancing Energy Security", Paper Delivered in the 1st International Symposium on Eurasia Energy Issues. İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Sürücü, C. (2004). “Exploring Terra Incognita: A Reading on the Pre-history of Central Asian Studies”. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol.3, No.1, Spring, pp. 75-100.
  • Tsertsvadze, T. and Boonstra, J. (2013). Mapping EU Development Aid to Central Asia, EUCAM Factsheet, No 1, FRIDE /EU-Central Asia Monitoring. http://fride.org/download/EUCA_FS1.pdf
  • Warkotsch, A. (2011). “Introduction”, The European Union and Central Asia, Alexander Warkotsch (ed.). London and New York: Routledge, pp. 1-8.
Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 52 - 65, 01.10.2015

Abstract

References

  • Boin, A. (2009). “Crisis Leadership in Terra Incognita: Why Meaning Making is not Enough”. Hart, P. and Tindall, K. Framing (ed.), The Global Economic Downturn: Crisis Rhetoric and the Politics of Recessions. Australia: Anu E Press, pp. 309-314.
  • BP (2014). Statistical Review of World Energy, 63rd edition. http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy- economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf
  • Boonstra, J. (2014). “Is the EU Downscaling Political Engagement in Central Asia?”, EUCAM Commentary, No 23, FRIDE/EU-Central Asia Monitoring.
  • http://fride.org/download/Commentary23_Is_the_EU_downscaling_political_engagement_in_Central_Asia.pdf
  • Boonstra, J. and Hale, J. (2010). EU Assistance to Central Asia: Back to the Drawing Board?, EUCAM Working Paper, No 8, FRIDE/EU-Central Asia Monitoring. http://fride.org/download/EUCAM_WP8_UE_Central_Asia_ENG_Ene10.pdf
  • Commission of the European Communities (2007). Communication from the Commission to the European Council and the European Parliament: An Energy Policy for Europe, COM (2007) 1 Final, 10.1.2007, Brussels.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2011). Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin Bağımsızlıklarının 20. Yılında Avrupa Birliği’nin Orta Asya Politikaları Raporu, Murat Yılmaz (ed.). Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi.
  • European Commission (2002). Strategy Paper 2002-2006 & Indicative Programme 2002-2004 for Central Asia.
  • European Commission (2007a) Regional Strategy Paper for Assistance to Central Asia for the period 2007-2013.
  • European Commission. (2007b). Central Asia Indicative Programme (2007-2010).
  • European Commission (2011a). European Union-Central Asia Development Cooperation. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,.
  • European Commission. (2011b). Central Asia DCI Indicative Programme (2011-2013).
  • European Commission (2015a). Progress Report on the Implementation of the EU Central Asia Strategy, Joint Staff Working Document, SWD(2015) 2 final, 13.1.2015, Brussels.
  • European Commission (2015b). Multiannual Indicative Programme Regional Central Asia 2014-2020.
  • European Commission (2015c). Regional Cooperation: Baku Initiative. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/international/regional/caspian/energy_en.htm
  • European Commission (2015d). Conclusions of the Ministerial Conference on Energy Co-operation Between the EU, the Caspian Littoral States and Their Neighbouring Countries, 13 November 2004, Baku. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/international/regional/caspian/doc/final_energy_concl usions_en.pdf
  • European Commission External Relations (2014). Energy, Central Asia and the European Union, Fact Sheet. http://eeas.europa.eu/central_asia/docs/factsheet_energy_en.pdf
  • European Court of Auditors (2013). EU Development Assistance to Central Asia, Special Report, No 13. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • European External Action Service (2014). “Catherine Ashton appoints Special Envoy to Central Asia”, Press Release 140409/01, 9 April, Brussels. http://eeas.europa.eu/statements/docs/2014/140409_01_en.pdf
  • European External Action Service (2015). EU relations with Central Asia. http://eeas.europa.eu/central_asia/index_en.htm
  • Eurostat (2014a). Statistics Explained: Energy Production and Imports, Data from March and May 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_production_and_imports
  • General Secreteriat of the Council (2007). European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership, European Communities, Belgium.
  • Kassenova, N. (2008). The New EU Strategy Towards Central Asia: A View from the Region. Policy Brief No: 148, Center for European Policy Studies (CEPS). http://aei.pitt.edu/7540/1/148.pdf
  • Kleinhans, M.G. (2005). “Terra Incognita: Explanation and Reductionism in Earth Science”. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, V 19, N 3, pp. 289 – 317.
  • Kovacevic, A. (2009). The Impact of the Russia–Ukraine Gas Crisis in South Eastern Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, NG 29, http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG29- TheImpactoftheRussiaUkrainianCrisisinSouthEasternEurope-AleksandarKovacevic-2009.pdf.
  • Melwin, N. J. (2008). “Introduction”, Neil J. Melwin (ed.), Engaging Central Asia: The European Union’s New Strategy in the Heart of Eurasia. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, pp. 1-8.
  • Official Journal (2005). Council Joint Action 2005/588/CFSP of 28 July 2005 Appointing a Special Representative of theEuropeanUnionfor Central Asia, L 199, 29.7.2005.
  • Official Journal (2015). Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/598 of 15 April 2015 Appointing the European Union Special Representative for Central Asia, L 99, 16.4.2015.
  • Özalp, O. N. (2011). “Avrupa Birliği’nin Orta Asya Politikası”, Civil Academy, Winter, pp.15-38
  • Özel, A. (2005). 11 Eylül, ABD, Türkiye ve Küreselleşme. Ankara: Elips Kitap.
  • Reiss, S. (2000). Discovery of the Terra Incognita: Five Decades of Chinese Foreign Policy Towards Latin America. Working Paper No 2, Research Project: Latin America and the Pacific Asia Institute of Political Science, University of Mainz, Germany. http://www.asiayargentina.com/pdf/218- discovery.pdf
  • Şahin, Ç. (2015). "The EU and Central Asia: Regional Dialogue for Enhancing Energy Security", Paper Delivered in the 1st International Symposium on Eurasia Energy Issues. İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Sürücü, C. (2004). “Exploring Terra Incognita: A Reading on the Pre-history of Central Asian Studies”. Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol.3, No.1, Spring, pp. 75-100.
  • Tsertsvadze, T. and Boonstra, J. (2013). Mapping EU Development Aid to Central Asia, EUCAM Factsheet, No 1, FRIDE /EU-Central Asia Monitoring. http://fride.org/download/EUCA_FS1.pdf
  • Warkotsch, A. (2011). “Introduction”, The European Union and Central Asia, Alexander Warkotsch (ed.). London and New York: Routledge, pp. 1-8.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA54JG96HE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çiğdem Şahin

Turgay Düğen This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2015
Submission Date October 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Şahin, Ç., & Düğen, T. (2015). THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(4), 52-65.
AMA Şahin Ç, Düğen T. THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY. MJSS. October 2015;4(4):52-65.
Chicago Şahin, Çiğdem, and Turgay Düğen. “THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 52-65.
EndNote Şahin Ç, Düğen T (October 1, 2015) THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 4 4 52–65.
IEEE Ç. Şahin and T. Düğen, “THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY”, MJSS, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 52–65, 2015.
ISNAD Şahin, Çiğdem - Düğen, Turgay. “THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 4/4 (October 2015), 52-65.
JAMA Şahin Ç, Düğen T. THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY. MJSS. 2015;4:52–65.
MLA Şahin, Çiğdem and Turgay Düğen. “THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 4, 2015, pp. 52-65.
Vancouver Şahin Ç, Düğen T. THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CENTRAL ASIA: A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRATEGY. MJSS. 2015;4(4):52-65.

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