Research Article
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The Relationship Between Turkish Backpackers’ Personel Development And Sustainability Perceptions

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 2125 - 2144, 27.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505828

Abstract

Today, it is assumed that independent travels, which are especially popular among young people, make a significant contribution to personal development. However, in many studies it has been found that backpackers are not much concerned about sustainability. Therefore, the relationship between the travelers' perceptions of sustainability and these travels, which are supposed to be beneficial to personal development, have been examined. A quantitative design was adopted in the research and a survey technique was used. A total of 244 Turkish backpackers were reached face-to-face and online with snowball sampling method. Data collected in September-October 2018 were subjected to correlation analysis. As a results of the research, significant relationships were found between all personal development dimensions and perceptions of sustainability of travelers. It has been determined that the dimension of awareness and capability is mostly related to social sustainability, skill dimension is related to environmental sustainability and emotion dimension is related to economic sustainability.

References

  • Batat, W. ve Frochot, I. (2014). Towards an Experiential Approach in Tourism Studies. Scott McCabe (Ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Marketing. Oxon & New York: Routledge.
  • Bui, H. T., Wilkins, H. C., & Lee, Y. S. (2013). The ‘imagined West’ of young independent travellers from Asia. Annals of Leisure Research, 16(2), 130-148.
  • Canavan, B. (2018). An existentialist exploration of tourism sustainability: Backpackers fleeing and finding themselves, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 551-566.
  • Chen, G., Bao, J. & Huang S (S). (2014).Developing a Scale to Measure Backpackers’ Personal Development, Journal of Travel Research, 53(4), 522–536.
  • Chen, G. & Huang, S (S). (2017). Toward a theory of backpacker personal development: Cross-cultural validation of the BPD scale, Tourism Management, 59 (2017), 630-639.
  • Chen, G., Huang, S. (S) & Hu, X. (2018). Backpacker Personal Development, Generalized Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem: Testing a Structural Model, Journal of Travel Research, 1–15.
  • Cohen, E. (1973). Nomads from Affluence: Notes on the Phenomenon of Drifter-Tourism, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 14(1), 89–103.
  • Cohen, E. (2003). Backpacking: Diversity and Change, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(2), 95-110.
  • Cooper, M. (2000). Backpackers to Fraser Island: Why is ecotourism a neglected aspect of their experience?, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 1(4), 45-59.
  • Desforges, L. (2000). Traveling The World: Identity and Travel Biography, Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 926-945.
  • Firth, T. & Hing, N. (1999). Backpacker hostels and their guests: Attitudes and behaviours relating to sustainable tourism, Tourism Management, 20, 251-254.
  • Harman, S. (2012). Sırtçantalı Turistlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları ve İlgilenimleri: İstanbul’a Gelen Sırtçantalı Turistler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi), Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Harman, S., Çakıcı, A. C. & Akatay, A. (2013). İstanbul’a Gelen Sırtçantalı Turistlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 267-300.
  • Harman, S. (2014). Bağımsız Seyahat Eden Yerli Gezginlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(21), 107-128.
  • Hsu, C.-Y., Lee, W.-H. & Chen, W.-Y. (2017). How to catch their attention? Taiwanese flashpackers inferring their travel motivation from personal development and travel experience, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(2), 117-130.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2015). “I recycle, I turn out the lights”: Understanding the everyday sustainability practices of backpackers, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 577-599.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2016). Strengths and weaknesses of using mixed methods to detect the sustainable practices of backpackers: A reflexive account, Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 479-486.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2017): Backpacker mobilities: Inadvertent sustainability amidst the fluctuating pace of travel, Mobilities, https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2017.1394682
  • Loker-Murphy, L. & Pearce, P. (1995). Young Budget Travelers: Backpackers in Australia, Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 819-843.
  • Luo, X., Brown, G. & Huang, S. (S). (2015). Host perceptions of backpackers: Examining the influence of intergroup contact, Tourism Management, 50, 292-305.
  • MacCannell, D. (1989). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, New York: Schocken.
  • Maoz, D. (2004). The conquerors and the settlers: Two groups of young Israeli backpackers in India. In G. Richards & J. Wilson (Eds.), The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (ss. 109-122). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Miao, X. (2016). The Role of Self-reflection in Backpackers’Personal Development: An Autoethnographic Perspective, Tourism Tribune, 31(11), 22-31.
  • Murphy, L., & Brymer, E. (2010). Backpackers and sustainable tourism: Exploring the potential, 2010 International Conference of Global Sustainable Tourism, 15-19 November, (ss. 733-749). Nelspruit, Tshwane: Tshwane University of Technology.
  • Nok, L. C., Suntikul, W., Agyeiwaah, E. & Tolkach, D. (2017). Backpackers in Hong Kong-motivations, preferences and contribution to sustainable tourism, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(8), 1058-1070.
  • Noy, C. (2004). This Trip Really Changed Me: Backpackers’ Narratives of Self-Change, Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 78–102.
  • Ooi, N. & Laing, J. (2010). Backpacker tourism: Sustainable and purposeful? Investigating the overlap between backpacker tourism and volunteer tourism motivations, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(2), 191-206.
  • O’Reilly, C. C. (2006). From Drifter to Gap Year Tourist, Mainstreaming Backpacker Travel, Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 998–1017.
  • Paris, C. M. (2010). Backpacker Activities and Personal Values: An SEM approach, Annals of Leisure Research, 13(1-2), 239-258.
  • Paris, C. M. (2012). Flashpackers: An emerging sub-culture? Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1094–1115.
  • Paris, C. & Teye, V. (2010). Understanding Backpacker Motivations: A Travel Career Approach, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19(3), 244-259.
  • Pearce, P. L. & Foster, F. A. (2007). “University of travel”: Backpacker learning, Tourism Management, 28(5), 1285-1298.
  • Smith, V. L. (1990). Geographical implications of “drifter” tourism Borocay, Philippines, Tourism Recreation Research, 15(1), 34-42.
  • Sroypetch, S. (2016). The mutual gaze: Host and guest perceptions of socio-cultural impacts of backpacker tourism: A case study of the Yasawa Islands, Fiji, Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2016.09.004
  • Sroypetch, S., Carr, N. & Duncan, T. (2016). Host and backpacker perceptions of environmental impacts of backpacker tourism: A case study of the Yasawa Islands, Fiji, Tourism and Hospitality Research, DOI: 10.1177/1467358416636932
  • Oliveira-Brochado, A. & Gameiro, C. (2013). Toward a better understanding of backpackers’ motivations, TÉKHNE - Review of Applied Management Studies, 11, 92-99.
  • Queensland Turizm Bürosu (2018). International Tourism Snapshot - Year ending June 2018 https://teq.queensland.com/research-and-insights/international-research/international-summary Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2018
  • Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2004a). Drifting towards the global nomad. In G. Richards & J. Wilson (Eds.), The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (pp. 3–13). Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.
  • Richards, G. (2015). The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world, Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 340-352.
  • Riley, P. J. (1988). Road Culture of International Long-Term Budget Travelers. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 313–328.
  • Scarinci, J., & Pearce, P. (2012). The perceived influence of travel experiences on learning generic skills. Tourism Management, 33(2), 380-386.
  • Scheyvens, R. (2002). Backpacker Tourism and Third World Development, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 144–164.
  • Sorensen, A. (2003) Backpacker Ethnography. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 847–867.
  • Spatscheck, C. (2014). Toplum ve Gençlik Kültürleri - Gençlik Çalışması İçin Yorumlar ve Sonuçlar, Çeviren: Emel Türker, Derleyenler: Yörük Kurtaran & Laden Yurttagüler, Gençlik Çalışmaları Tarihi, (ss. 99-113), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları 458. Thatcher, C. A. (2010). International learning adventures: A phenomenological exploration of international backpacker-style study abroad. (published doctoral dissertation). USA: Prescott College.
  • Uriely, N., Yonay, Y. & Simchai, D. (2002). Backpacking Experiences: A Type and Form Analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 520–538.
  • Wearing, S., Cynn, S., Ponting, J. & McDonald, M. (2002). Converting Environmental Concern into Ecotourism Purchases: A Qualitative Evaluation of International Backpackers in Australia, Journal of Ecotourism, 1(2-3), 133-148.
  • Welk, P. (2004). The Beaten Track: Anti-Tourism as an Element of Backpacker Identity Construction. In The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice, G. Richards and J. Wilson, Ed., (ss. 77–91). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Wilson, D. (1997). Paradoxes of Tourism in Goa, Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 52-75.
  • WYSE Travel Confederation (2014). Youth and Student Travel Market, Industry Review No. 5 Executive Summary, Global Data, Statistics and Trends II, s. 1-10.
  • Yılmaz, G. (2018). Üniversite gençliğinin turizme bakış açısı: İstanbul Arel üniversitesi örneği. OPUS –Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(15), 1516-1538.

Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 2125 - 2144, 27.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505828

Abstract

Dünya genelinde bağımsız seyahate çıkan
gezginlerin sayısı her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Özellikle günümüzde gençler
arasında bu tarz seyahatler büyük bir küresel eğilim haline gelmiştir. Bununla
birlikte artık bireylerin yaşadıkları bu özgün seyahatler sayesinde kişisel
gelişimlerini daha iyi bir şekilde tamamladığı varsayılmaktadır. Ancak birçok
araştırmada sırt çantalı gezginlerin sürdürülebilirlik konusunda pek fazla
endişe duymadığı da tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeple bu araştırmada kişisel
gelişime faydası dokunduğu varsayılan bu seyahatler ile sırt çantalı
gezginlerin sürdürülebilirliğe dair davranışları ya da tutumları arasında herhangi
bir ilişkinin olup olmadığı merak edilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel bir tasarım
benimsenmiş ve anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Anket formu oluşturulurken, Chen,
Bao ve Huang (2014) tarafından geliştirilen sırt çantalı gezginlerin kişisel
gelişim ölçeği ve Iaquinto'nun (2015) geliştirdiği günlük sürdürülebilirlik
uygulamaları ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sırt çantalı gezginlerin kişisel gelişim
ölçeği beş boyuttan ve 16 ifadeden, günlük sürdürülebilir uygulamalar ölçeği üç
boyuttan ve 24 ifadeden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada kartopu örneklemesi
yöntemiyle 244 Türk sırt çantalı gezgine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tüm
kişisel gelişim boyutları ile gezginlerin sürdürülebilirlik algıları arasında
anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Batat, W. ve Frochot, I. (2014). Towards an Experiential Approach in Tourism Studies. Scott McCabe (Ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Marketing. Oxon & New York: Routledge.
  • Bui, H. T., Wilkins, H. C., & Lee, Y. S. (2013). The ‘imagined West’ of young independent travellers from Asia. Annals of Leisure Research, 16(2), 130-148.
  • Canavan, B. (2018). An existentialist exploration of tourism sustainability: Backpackers fleeing and finding themselves, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 551-566.
  • Chen, G., Bao, J. & Huang S (S). (2014).Developing a Scale to Measure Backpackers’ Personal Development, Journal of Travel Research, 53(4), 522–536.
  • Chen, G. & Huang, S (S). (2017). Toward a theory of backpacker personal development: Cross-cultural validation of the BPD scale, Tourism Management, 59 (2017), 630-639.
  • Chen, G., Huang, S. (S) & Hu, X. (2018). Backpacker Personal Development, Generalized Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem: Testing a Structural Model, Journal of Travel Research, 1–15.
  • Cohen, E. (1973). Nomads from Affluence: Notes on the Phenomenon of Drifter-Tourism, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 14(1), 89–103.
  • Cohen, E. (2003). Backpacking: Diversity and Change, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(2), 95-110.
  • Cooper, M. (2000). Backpackers to Fraser Island: Why is ecotourism a neglected aspect of their experience?, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 1(4), 45-59.
  • Desforges, L. (2000). Traveling The World: Identity and Travel Biography, Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 926-945.
  • Firth, T. & Hing, N. (1999). Backpacker hostels and their guests: Attitudes and behaviours relating to sustainable tourism, Tourism Management, 20, 251-254.
  • Harman, S. (2012). Sırtçantalı Turistlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları ve İlgilenimleri: İstanbul’a Gelen Sırtçantalı Turistler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi), Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Harman, S., Çakıcı, A. C. & Akatay, A. (2013). İstanbul’a Gelen Sırtçantalı Turistlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 267-300.
  • Harman, S. (2014). Bağımsız Seyahat Eden Yerli Gezginlerin Seyahat Motivasyonları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(21), 107-128.
  • Hsu, C.-Y., Lee, W.-H. & Chen, W.-Y. (2017). How to catch their attention? Taiwanese flashpackers inferring their travel motivation from personal development and travel experience, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(2), 117-130.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2015). “I recycle, I turn out the lights”: Understanding the everyday sustainability practices of backpackers, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 577-599.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2016). Strengths and weaknesses of using mixed methods to detect the sustainable practices of backpackers: A reflexive account, Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 479-486.
  • Iaquinto, B. L. (2017): Backpacker mobilities: Inadvertent sustainability amidst the fluctuating pace of travel, Mobilities, https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2017.1394682
  • Loker-Murphy, L. & Pearce, P. (1995). Young Budget Travelers: Backpackers in Australia, Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 819-843.
  • Luo, X., Brown, G. & Huang, S. (S). (2015). Host perceptions of backpackers: Examining the influence of intergroup contact, Tourism Management, 50, 292-305.
  • MacCannell, D. (1989). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, New York: Schocken.
  • Maoz, D. (2004). The conquerors and the settlers: Two groups of young Israeli backpackers in India. In G. Richards & J. Wilson (Eds.), The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (ss. 109-122). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Miao, X. (2016). The Role of Self-reflection in Backpackers’Personal Development: An Autoethnographic Perspective, Tourism Tribune, 31(11), 22-31.
  • Murphy, L., & Brymer, E. (2010). Backpackers and sustainable tourism: Exploring the potential, 2010 International Conference of Global Sustainable Tourism, 15-19 November, (ss. 733-749). Nelspruit, Tshwane: Tshwane University of Technology.
  • Nok, L. C., Suntikul, W., Agyeiwaah, E. & Tolkach, D. (2017). Backpackers in Hong Kong-motivations, preferences and contribution to sustainable tourism, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(8), 1058-1070.
  • Noy, C. (2004). This Trip Really Changed Me: Backpackers’ Narratives of Self-Change, Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 78–102.
  • Ooi, N. & Laing, J. (2010). Backpacker tourism: Sustainable and purposeful? Investigating the overlap between backpacker tourism and volunteer tourism motivations, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(2), 191-206.
  • O’Reilly, C. C. (2006). From Drifter to Gap Year Tourist, Mainstreaming Backpacker Travel, Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 998–1017.
  • Paris, C. M. (2010). Backpacker Activities and Personal Values: An SEM approach, Annals of Leisure Research, 13(1-2), 239-258.
  • Paris, C. M. (2012). Flashpackers: An emerging sub-culture? Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1094–1115.
  • Paris, C. & Teye, V. (2010). Understanding Backpacker Motivations: A Travel Career Approach, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19(3), 244-259.
  • Pearce, P. L. & Foster, F. A. (2007). “University of travel”: Backpacker learning, Tourism Management, 28(5), 1285-1298.
  • Smith, V. L. (1990). Geographical implications of “drifter” tourism Borocay, Philippines, Tourism Recreation Research, 15(1), 34-42.
  • Sroypetch, S. (2016). The mutual gaze: Host and guest perceptions of socio-cultural impacts of backpacker tourism: A case study of the Yasawa Islands, Fiji, Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2016.09.004
  • Sroypetch, S., Carr, N. & Duncan, T. (2016). Host and backpacker perceptions of environmental impacts of backpacker tourism: A case study of the Yasawa Islands, Fiji, Tourism and Hospitality Research, DOI: 10.1177/1467358416636932
  • Oliveira-Brochado, A. & Gameiro, C. (2013). Toward a better understanding of backpackers’ motivations, TÉKHNE - Review of Applied Management Studies, 11, 92-99.
  • Queensland Turizm Bürosu (2018). International Tourism Snapshot - Year ending June 2018 https://teq.queensland.com/research-and-insights/international-research/international-summary Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2018
  • Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2004a). Drifting towards the global nomad. In G. Richards & J. Wilson (Eds.), The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (pp. 3–13). Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.
  • Richards, G. (2015). The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world, Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 340-352.
  • Riley, P. J. (1988). Road Culture of International Long-Term Budget Travelers. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 313–328.
  • Scarinci, J., & Pearce, P. (2012). The perceived influence of travel experiences on learning generic skills. Tourism Management, 33(2), 380-386.
  • Scheyvens, R. (2002). Backpacker Tourism and Third World Development, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 144–164.
  • Sorensen, A. (2003) Backpacker Ethnography. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 847–867.
  • Spatscheck, C. (2014). Toplum ve Gençlik Kültürleri - Gençlik Çalışması İçin Yorumlar ve Sonuçlar, Çeviren: Emel Türker, Derleyenler: Yörük Kurtaran & Laden Yurttagüler, Gençlik Çalışmaları Tarihi, (ss. 99-113), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları 458. Thatcher, C. A. (2010). International learning adventures: A phenomenological exploration of international backpacker-style study abroad. (published doctoral dissertation). USA: Prescott College.
  • Uriely, N., Yonay, Y. & Simchai, D. (2002). Backpacking Experiences: A Type and Form Analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 520–538.
  • Wearing, S., Cynn, S., Ponting, J. & McDonald, M. (2002). Converting Environmental Concern into Ecotourism Purchases: A Qualitative Evaluation of International Backpackers in Australia, Journal of Ecotourism, 1(2-3), 133-148.
  • Welk, P. (2004). The Beaten Track: Anti-Tourism as an Element of Backpacker Identity Construction. In The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice, G. Richards and J. Wilson, Ed., (ss. 77–91). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
  • Wilson, D. (1997). Paradoxes of Tourism in Goa, Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 52-75.
  • WYSE Travel Confederation (2014). Youth and Student Travel Market, Industry Review No. 5 Executive Summary, Global Data, Statistics and Trends II, s. 1-10.
  • Yılmaz, G. (2018). Üniversite gençliğinin turizme bakış açısı: İstanbul Arel üniversitesi örneği. OPUS –Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(15), 1516-1538.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülizar Akkuş 0000-0001-9262-2680

Publication Date April 27, 2019
Submission Date December 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akkuş, G. (2019). Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 2125-2144. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505828
AMA Akkuş G. Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. MJSS. April 2019;8(2):2125-2144. doi:10.33206/mjss.505828
Chicago Akkuş, Gülizar. “Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, no. 2 (April 2019): 2125-44. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505828.
EndNote Akkuş G (April 1, 2019) Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 2 2125–2144.
IEEE G. Akkuş, “Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki”, MJSS, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2125–2144, 2019, doi: 10.33206/mjss.505828.
ISNAD Akkuş, Gülizar. “Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/2 (April 2019), 2125-2144. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505828.
JAMA Akkuş G. Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. MJSS. 2019;8:2125–2144.
MLA Akkuş, Gülizar. “Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2019, pp. 2125-44, doi:10.33206/mjss.505828.
Vancouver Akkuş G. Türk Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Kişisel Gelişimleri İle Sürdürülebilirlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişki. MJSS. 2019;8(2):2125-44.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies