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"İnsan haklarının gücü" Karşısında şüpheci görüşler: insan hakları ve bölgesel entegrasyon hukuku

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 734 - 741, 26.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.832103

Abstract

20. yüzyılın ortalarından beri "insan hakları", Birleşmiş Milletler’den diğer uluslararası sistem ve organizasyon biçimlerine kadar uluslararası ilişkilerin retoriğinde merkezi bir rol oynamıştır. İnsan haklarının "gücü", bireylerin "yalnızca insan oldukları için haklara sahip oldukları" iddiasına dayanmaktadır (Gewirth1982). Bu da, bu hakların tüm insanlara ait oldukları, dolayısıyla evrensel oldukları manasına gelmektedir. Ancak, 20. yüzyılda yaşanan şiddetin derecesi, daha açıkçası faşist rejimlerin acımasızlığı ve savaşların veya diğer insani krizlerin sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan sayısız insan hakları ihlali göz önüne alındığında, uluslararası insan haklarının koruması etkinliği hakkında sorular su yüzüne çıkmıştır. Bu etkililik eksikliği, insan hakları hakkında, belirli bir ölçüde farklı biçimler alabilen bir şüpheciliği beraberinde getirmiştir. İnsan hakları düşüncesi insanlık ve özgürlük ilkeleri üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bunun yanısıra, insan haklarının üzerinde inşa edildiği bir diğer temel ise, siyasi gücün ‘’akla’’ ve ‘‘hukuka’’ dayanması gerektiği varsayımıdır. Bu yazıda, 1948’deli İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’ndeki geleneksel insan hakları anlayışı ve ticaretteki bütünleşme ve liberalleşmenin dünyadaki örgütlerin yasalarıyla nasıl bütünleştiği analiz edilecektir. Bu betimsel analiz, ilerici bir düşünce olarak aklın ve tarihin eleştirisini içeren doğal hakların eleştirilmesine karşı olarak değerlendirilecektir.

References

  • Arendt, H. (1951). The Origins of Totalitarianism
  • Douzinas, C. (2000) The End of Human Rights Hart Publishing Oxford
  • Gewirth, A. (1982). Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hathaway, Oona A.(2002 “Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?” The Yale Law Journal www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/111-8/HathawayFINAL.pdf
  • Levinas, E. (2006). Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence. Pennsylvania
  • Lyotard J.F. (1993). ‘The Other’s Rights’. In Shute, S. and Hurley, S. (Edt.) On Human Rights. (pp. 135-147), BasicBooks, New York.
  • Maiese, Michelle (2004). “Human Rights Protection”. In Burgess, G. and Burgess, H. (Edt.) Beyond Intractability Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/human_rights_protect/
  • Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (2002) “Time for a United Nations ‘Global Compact’ for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of Worldwide Organizations: Lessons from European Integration” European Journal of International Law https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/13/3/621/467166
  • Taylor, C. (20067 A Secular Age Harvard University Press.

The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 734 - 741, 26.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.832103

Abstract

Since the mid-20th Century “human rights” have played a central role in the rhetoric of international relations from the United Nations to other forms of international systems and organisations. The "power” of human rights refers to the claim that individuals "have rights only because they are human" and that these rights belong to all people, hence they are universal. However, the given degree of violence experienced in the 20th century, period, when the concept of human rights has become more dominant in international and national law, questions arise about effectiveness of international human rights protection. This lack of effectiveness gives rise to a certain degree of scepticism about the power of human rights, which may take different interpretations. The notion of human rights based on the principles of humanity and freedom and the assumption that political power must be subjected to “reason” and “law” can be questioned in its very foundations. The present paper analyses the traditional understanding of human rights as included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 and how human rights have been integrated in the law of worldwide organizations to promote integration and liberalisation of trade. This descriptive account will be evaluated against a critical understanding of natural right which involves a critique of reason and of history understood as a progressive thought.

References

  • Arendt, H. (1951). The Origins of Totalitarianism
  • Douzinas, C. (2000) The End of Human Rights Hart Publishing Oxford
  • Gewirth, A. (1982). Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hathaway, Oona A.(2002 “Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?” The Yale Law Journal www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/111-8/HathawayFINAL.pdf
  • Levinas, E. (2006). Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence. Pennsylvania
  • Lyotard J.F. (1993). ‘The Other’s Rights’. In Shute, S. and Hurley, S. (Edt.) On Human Rights. (pp. 135-147), BasicBooks, New York.
  • Maiese, Michelle (2004). “Human Rights Protection”. In Burgess, G. and Burgess, H. (Edt.) Beyond Intractability Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/human_rights_protect/
  • Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (2002) “Time for a United Nations ‘Global Compact’ for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of Worldwide Organizations: Lessons from European Integration” European Journal of International Law https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/13/3/621/467166
  • Taylor, C. (20067 A Secular Age Harvard University Press.
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Review
Authors

Marco Boschele 0000-0003-2498-0317

Publication Date January 26, 2021
Submission Date November 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Boschele, M. (2021). The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(1), 734-741. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.832103
AMA Boschele M. The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations. MJSS. January 2021;10(1):734-741. doi:10.33206/mjss.832103
Chicago Boschele, Marco. “The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 10, no. 1 (January 2021): 734-41. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.832103.
EndNote Boschele M (January 1, 2021) The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 10 1 734–741.
IEEE M. Boschele, “The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations”, MJSS, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 734–741, 2021, doi: 10.33206/mjss.832103.
ISNAD Boschele, Marco. “The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 10/1 (January 2021), 734-741. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.832103.
JAMA Boschele M. The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations. MJSS. 2021;10:734–741.
MLA Boschele, Marco. “The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2021, pp. 734-41, doi:10.33206/mjss.832103.
Vancouver Boschele M. The Limits of Human Rights: International Law and Global Organizations. MJSS. 2021;10(1):734-41.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies